Process and system for conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide
A process and an apparatus for converting carbon dioxide CO 2 into carbon monoxide CO using hydrocarbons are described. In further embodiments, processes and apparatuses for generating synthesis gas and processes and apparatuses for converting synthesis gas into synthetic functionalized and/or non-functionalized hydrocarbons using CO 2 and hydrocarbons are described. The processes and apparatuses are adapted to convert CO 2 emitted by industrial processes, and thus the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere may be reduced.
1. A method for converting carbon dioxide CO 2 into carbon monoxide CO comprising the following steps:
decomposing a hydrocarbon containing fluid into carbon and hydrogen by means of introduction of energy in a hydrocarbon converter, the energy at least partially being provided by heat, wherein the decomposing step takes place at a temperature above 1000° C. and wherein the carbon and the hydrogen have a temperature of at least 200° C. after the decomposing step;
directing at least a portion of the carbon generated by the decomposing step from the hydrocarbon converter into a CO 2 converter;
introducing CO 2 gas from an external CO 2 source into the CO 2 converter;
mixing the CO 2 gas with at least a portion of the carbon generated by the decomposing step, wherein upon mixing the carbon with the CO 2 gas, the carbon obtained by the decomposing step has cooled down by no more than 50% in ° C. with respect to its temperature after the decomposing step;
converting at least a portion of the CO 2 gas and the carbon obtained by the decomposing step into CO at a temperature between 800 and 1700° C.
2. The method for converting CO 2 into CO according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon is mixed with the CO 2 gas at a temperature of at least 800° C.
3. The method for converting CO 2 into CO according to claim 1 , wherein the heat required to reach the temperature of between 800 and 1700° C. for the CO 2 conversion originates essentially completely from the heat that is provided for decomposing the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
4. The method for converting CO 2 into CO according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon obtained by the decomposing step and the hydrogen obtained by the decomposing step are jointly mixed with the CO 2 gas.
5. The method for converting CO 2 into CO according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon obtained by the decomposing step is separated from the hydrogen obtained by the decomposing step prior to the step of mixing the carbon with the CO 2 gas.
6. The method for converting CO 2 into CO according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the heat of at least one of a portion of the carbon obtained by the decomposing step and a portion of the hydrogen obtained by the decomposing step is used to one of heating the CO 2 gas prior to mixing the CO 2 gas with carbon and heating the process chamber, in which the CO 2 gas is mixed with the carbon.
7. The method for converting CO 2 into CO according to claim 1 , wherein the CO has a temperature of 800 to 1700° C. after conversion, and wherein at least a portion of the heat of the CO is used to preheat the CO 2 gas prior to mixing with the carbon.
8. The method for converting CO 2 to CO according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the heat of at least one of a portion of the carbon obtained by the decomposing step and a portion of the hydrogen obtained by the decomposing step and a portion of the CO 2 , after conversion to CO, is used for generating electricity, wherein the electricity may particularly be provided as energy carrier for introducing energy for decomposing the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
9. The method for converting CO 2 into CO according to claim 1 , wherein the energy is primarily introduced by means of a plasma.
10. The method for converting CO 2 into CO according to claim 1 , wherein the decomposing step is performed in a Kvaerner reactor.
11. A method for generating a synthesis gas, wherein CO 2 is first converted into CO according to the method of claim 1 ; and wherein hydrogen is mixed with the CO subsequently.
12. The method for generating a synthesis gas according to claim 11 , wherein additional hydrogen is added to the synthesis gas, and wherein the additional hydrogen is generated by decomposing a hydrocarbon containing fluid into carbon and hydrogen by introduction of energy that is at least partially provided by heat.
13. The method for generating a synthesis gas according to claim 12 , wherein at least a portion of the additional hydrogen is generated by decomposing a hydrocarbon containing fluid at a temperature below 1000° C. by means of a microwave plasma.
14. The method for generating a synthesis gas according to claim 11 , wherein the ratio of CO to hydrogen of the synthesis gas has a value of 1:1 to 1:3.
15. A method for generating synthetic functionalised and/or non-functionalised hydrocarbons, wherein at first a synthesis gas is generated according to the method of claim 11 , and wherein the synthesis gas is brought into contact with a suitable catalyst in order to cause conversion of the synthesis gas into at least one of synthetic functionalised and synthetic non-functionalised hydrocarbons, wherein the temperature of at least one of the catalyst and the synthesis gas is open-loop controlled or close-loop regulated to a predetermined range of temperature.
16. The method for generating synthetic functionalised and/or non-functionalised hydrocarbons according to claim 15 , wherein the conversion of the synthesis gas is carried out by means of one of the following: a Fischer-Tropsch process, a SMDS process, a Bergius-Pier process, a Pier process or a combination of a Pier process and a MtL process.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon containing fluid to be decomposed is natural gas, methane, wet gases, heavy oil or a mixture thereof.