Gold-catalyzed synthesis of carbonates and carbamates from carbon monoxide
The invention provides a method for producing organic carbonates via the reaction of alcohols and carbon monoxide with oxygen adsorbed on a metallic gold or gold alloy catalyst.
1. A method for preparing a carbonate or carbamate, by reacting R 1 OH with carbon monoxide and oxygen adsorbed on a metallic gold catalyst and R 2 XH according to the following scheme:
wherein X is O or NR 2′ , wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 2′ is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8 straight chain alkyl, C3-C8 branched alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, and C6-C10 aryl.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is O.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is NR 2′ .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of the adsorbed oxygen is O 3 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of the adsorbed oxygen is O 2 .
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is C1-C8 straight chain alkyl.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein R 1 is methyl.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is C1-C8 straight chain alkyl.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein R 2 is methyl.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is O, and R 1 and R 2 are the same.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is O, and R 1 and R 2 are different.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2′ is C1-C8 straight chain alkyl.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 OH is supplied in the gas phase, and the temperature is between 250 K and 300 K.