System, device and method for generating ion concentration gradient, and temperature-responsive electrolyte material
A system for producing an ion concentration gradient and a temperature-responsive electrolyte material which are utilizable, for example, for efficiently converting heat energy that has been discarded into reusable energy or for efficiently recovering an acid gas, such as carbon dioxide is provided. A temperature-responsive electrolyte is used to produce an ion concentration gradient by means of a temperature gradient. The temperature-responsive electrolyte is used in the state of an aqueous solution and also in the state of a solid phase.
1. A system for producing an ion concentration gradient, comprising a temperature-responsive electrolyte, a first source and a second source, wherein the first source and the second source give, to the temperature-responsive electrolyte, different temperatures that are respectively on both sides of the phase transition temperature of the temperature-responsive electrolyte.
2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the different temperatures that are respectively on both sides of the phase transition temperature are maintained.
3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the first source comprises a cold source and the second source comprises a heat source.
4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature-responsive electrolyte has an ionizable functional group and undergoes a volume phase transition in response to temperature.
5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature-responsive electrolyte is used in the state of an aqueous solution.
6. The system according to claim 5 , wherein the temperature-responsive electrolyte is an aqueous solution of fine hydrogel particles having basic functional groups and undergoing a volume phase transition in response to temperature.
7. The system according to claim 6 , which comprises a plurality of vessels containing the temperature-responsive electrolyte, wherein a first part of the plurality of vessels is the first source and a second part of the plurality of vessels is the second source.
8. The system according to claim 7 , wherein the first part of the plurality of vessels and the second part of the plurality of vessels are connected to each other so that the temperature-responsive electrolyte and ions can move therebetween.
9. The system according to claim 7 , wherein the inside of the vessels is partitioned into two sections with a semipermeable membrane which is permeable to ions but impermeable to the temperature-responsive electrolyte.
10. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the temperature-responsive electrolyte is contained in only one of the two sections.
11. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature-responsive electrolyte is used in the state of a solid phase.
12. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the temperature-responsive electrolyte is a thin film of a hydrogel having basic functional groups and undergoing a volume phase transition in response to temperature.
13. The system according to claim 12 , which comprises a plurality of vessels containing an aqueous salt solution, wherein the plurality of vessels are connected to each other by the solid phase of the temperature-responsive electrolyte.
14. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first source and the second source is waste heat.
15. The system according to claim 1 , which is for use in recovering an acid gas.
16. The system according to claim 15 , wherein the temperature-responsive electrolyte has a basic group.
17. The system according to claim 15 , wherein the recovery of the acid gas comprises causing the acid gas to be absorbed into a basic aqueous solution or into an aqueous solution of the temperature-responsive electrolyte, and causing the basic aqueous solution or the aqueous solution of the temperature-responsive electrolyte to release the absorbed acid gas.
18. The system according to claim 17 , wherein the acid gas is absorbed into the aqueous solution by adjusting the aqueous solution to the phase transition temperature of the temperature-responsive electrolyte or lower.
19. The system according to claim 17 , wherein the acid gas absorbed into the aqueous solution is released by adjusting the aqueous solution to the phase transition temperature of the temperature-responsive electrolyte or higher.
20. The system according to claim 9 , wherein at least one of the first source and the second source is waste heat.