Polycrystalline diamond compacts including at least one transition layer and methods for stress management in polycrystalline diamond compacts
Embodiments relate to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) that are less susceptible to liquid metal embrittlement damage due to the use of at least one transition layer between a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) layer and a substrate. In an embodiment, a PDC includes a PCD layer, a cemented carbide substrate, and at least one transition layer bonded to the substrate and the PCD layer. The at least one transition layer is formulated with a coefficient of thermal expansion (“CTE”) that is less than a CTE of the substrate and greater than a CTE of the PCD layer. At least a portion of the PCD layer includes diamond grains defining interstitial regions and a metal-solvent catalyst occupying at least a portion of the interstitial regions. The diamond grains and the catalyst collectively exhibit a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds or more and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm 3 /grams or less.
1. A method for manufacturing a polycrystalline diamond compact, the method comprising:
disposing at least one mixture layer that includes a plurality of diamond particles and at least one additive between a layer of diamond particles and a cemented carbide substrate in a pressure transmitting medium to form a cell assembly;
subjecting the cell assembly to a high-temperature/high-pressure (“HPHT”) process to form a polycrystalline diamond compact that includes at least one polycrystalline diamond layer, a cemented carbide substrate, and at least one transition layer disposed between the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer and the cemented carbide substrate;
ramping a sintering temperature of the HPHT process down to an annealing temperature over at least 70 seconds; and
annealing the polycrystalline diamond compact after the HPHT process at the annealing temperature in a range of about 650° C. to about 875° C. and a pressure of about 2 GPa to about 10 GPa;
wherein the at least one transition layer is at least partially formed from the at least one mixture layer, and wherein the at least one transition layer exhibits a coefficient of thermal expansion (“CTE”) that is less than a CTE of the cemented carbide substrate and greater than a CTE of the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer;
wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer exhibits an average diamond grain size of about 30 μm or less, a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) or more and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm 3 /grams (“G·cm 3 /g”) or less.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer exhibits a coercivity of about 130 Oe to about 160 Oe and a specific magnetic saturation of about 10 G·cm 3 /g to about 15 G·cm 3 /g.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein subjecting the cell assembly to an HPHT process includes subjecting the cell assembly to the HPHT process at a temperature of about 1100° C. to about 2200° C. and a pressure of at least 8.0 GPa in the pressure transmitting medium.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one additive includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, and cubic boron nitride.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one additive is about 25 volume % to about 50 volume % of the at least one transition layer.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one transition layer includes a plurality of diamond grains at least some of which exhibit diamond-to-diamond bonding.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one transition layer includes a plurality of diamond grains at least some of which exhibit substantially no diamond-to-diamond bonding.
8. A method for manufacturing a polycrystalline diamond compact, the method comprising:
disposing at least one mixture layer that includes a plurality of diamond particles and tungsten carbide particles between at least one layer of diamond particles and a cemented carbide substrate in a pressure transmitting medium to form a cell assembly; and
subjecting the cell assembly to a high-temperature/high-pressure (“HPHT”) process of at least 1000° C. and a pressure of at least 7.5 GPa in the pressure transmitting medium to form a polycrystalline diamond compact that includes at least one polycrystalline diamond layer, a cemented carbide substrate, and at least one transition layer disposed between the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer and the cemented carbide substrate;
ramping a sintering temperature of the HPHT process down to an annealing temperature over at least 70 seconds; and
annealing the polycrystalline diamond compact after the HPHT process at the annealing temperature in a range of about 650° C. to about 875° C. and a pressure of about 2 GPa to about 10 GPa for at least about 80 seconds;
wherein the at least one transition layer is at least partially formed from the at least one mixture layer;
wherein the at least one transition layer exhibits a thickness of about 0.60 inches to about 0.12 inches and a coefficient of thermal expansion (“CTE”) that is less than a CTE of the cemented carbide substrate and greater than a CTE of the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer;
wherein the at least one additive is about 25 volume % to about 50 volume % of the at least one transition layer;
wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer exhibits a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) or more and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm 3 /grams (“G·cm 3 /g”) or less.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one additive includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, and cubic boron nitride.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer is substantially free of the at least one additive.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one transition layer includes a plurality of diamond grains at least some of which exhibit diamond-to-diamond bonding.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one transition layer includes a plurality of diamond grains at least some of which exhibit substantially no diamond-to-diamond bonding.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer exhibits a coercivity of about 115 Oe to about 175 Oe and a specific magnetic saturation of about 5 G·cm 3 /g to about 15 G·cm 3 /g.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer exhibits a coercivity of about 130 Oe to about 160 Oe and a specific magnetic saturation of about 10 G·cm 3 /g to about 15 G·cm 3 /g.
15. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer exhibits a specific permeability less than about 0.10 G·cm 3 /Oe·g.
16. The method of claim 8 wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer exhibits a specific permeability of about 0.060 G·cm 3 /Oe·g to about 0.090 G·cm 3 /Oe·g.
17. A method for manufacturing a polycrystalline diamond compact, the method comprising:
disposing at least one mixture layer that includes a plurality of diamond particles and at least one additive between a layer of diamond particles and a cemented carbide substrate in a pressure transmitting medium to form a cell assembly;
subjecting the cell assembly to a high-temperature/high-pressure (“HPHT”) process to form a polycrystalline diamond compact that includes at least one polycrystalline diamond layer, a cemented carbide substrate, and at least one transition layer disposed between the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer and the cemented carbide substrate;
annealing the polycrystalline diamond compact after the HPHT process at an annealing temperature in a range of about 650° C. to about 875° C. and a pressure of about 2 GPa to about 10 GPa;
wherein the at least one transition layer is at least partially formed from the at least one mixture layer, and wherein the at least one transition layer exhibits a coefficient of thermal expansion (“CTE”) that is less than a CTE of the cemented carbide substrate and greater than a CTE of the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer;
wherein the at least one polycrystalline diamond layer exhibits a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (“Oe”) or more and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss·cm 3 /grams (“G·cm 3 /g”) or less.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least one additive is about 1 volume % to about 80 volume % of the at least one transition layer.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least one additive is about 25 volume % to about 50 volume % of the at least one transition layer.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least one additive includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, and cubic boron nitride.