Flexible electrically conductive nanotube sensor for elastomeric devices
A flexible substrate has a major surface and a sensor attached to and aligned with the major surface of the substrate. The sensor may have an elastic body containing conductive nanotubes homogeneously distributed therein to form a conductive path and at least two electrodes in electrical connection with the conductive path. Balloons and flexible elements used in medical procedures are particularly useful.
1. An elastic piezoresistive sensor tube configured to sense a dimensional change during a medical procedure, the elastic piezoresistive sensor tube comprising:
an elastic sensor tube body containing conductive nanotubes substantially homogeneously distributed within an interior of at least a portion of the elastic sensor tube body to form a conductive path, the elastic sensor tube body defining an internal conduit configured to transport fluid between a first end and a second end; and
at least two electrodes in electrical connection with the conductive path;
wherein the dimensional change is at least one of a stress in the elastic sensor tube body, a pressure applied to the elastic sensor tube body, an elongation of the elastic sensor tube body, and a load applied to the elastic sensor tube body.
2. The elastic piezoresistive sensor tube of claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrodes are in communication with both a power source and a processor.
3. The elastic piezoresistive sensor tube of claim 1 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body forms at least part of at least one of a medical device and a medical training device.
4. The elastic piezoresistive sensor tube of claim 1 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body includes silicone rubber comprising a loading of between 0.5% and 3% by weight of conductive nanotubes.
5. The elastic piezoresistive sensor of claim 1 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body comprises at least one of a conduit and a balloon.
6. The elastic piezoresistive sensor of claim 1 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body is representative of human vasculature.
7. A method of detecting a dimensional change within an elastic tube used during a medical procedure, the method comprising:
forming an elastic sensor tube body defining an internal conduit configured to transport fluid between a first end and a second end, the sensor tube body containing conductive nanotubes substantially homogeneously distributed within an interior of at least a portion of the elastic sensor tube body to form a conductive path between at least two electrodes;
applying a current across the conductive path through the at least two electrodes;
providing signals indicating changes in the current to a processor, wherein the processor executes a code to correlate the determined changes in the current to at least one of a stress in the elastic sensor tube body, a pressure applied to the elastic sensor tube body, an elongation of the elastic sensor tube body, and a load applied to the elastic sensor tube body.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein, the elastic sensor tube body forms at least part of at least one of a medical device and medical training device.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body comprises at least one of a conduit and a balloon.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body is representative of human vasculature.
11. A sensor, comprising:
an elastic sensor tube body, comprising a non-conductive polymer defining an internal conduit configured to transport fluid between a first end and a second end, at least an interior portion of the elastic sensor tube body having a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed therein to form a conductive path; and
at least two electrodes, operably coupled to the elastic sensor tube body and in electrical communication with the conductive path;
wherein the sensor is configured to sense at least one of stress in the elastic sensor tube body, pressure applied to the elastic sensor tube body, an elongation of the elastic sensor tube body, and a load applied to the elastic sensor tube body.
12. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body contains 0.5 to 3% by total weight of carbon nanotubes.
13. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the carbon nanotubes dispersed within the elastic sensor tube body are not uniformly aligned within the elastic sensor tube body.
14. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body has an elastic range between about 5% elongation and about 500% elongation.
15. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the conductive path has an electrical resistivity of 103 Ohm/sq or less.
16. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body has a hardness of between 10 and 60 Asker C.
17. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the non-conductive polymer is at least one of a silicone, an ethylenic elastomer, and a rubber.
18. The sensor of claim 11 , further comprising a shell of non-conductive flexible material, the shell encasing the elastic sensor tube body and configured to electrically insulate the carbon nanotubes dispersed within the elastic sensor tube body from the surrounding environment.
19. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are substantially homogeneously dispersed in the non-conductive polymer.
20. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body comprises at least one of a conduit and a balloon.
21. The sensor of claim 11 , wherein the elastic sensor tube body is representative of human vasculature.