Method for producing size selected particles
The invention provides a system for preparing specific sized particles, the system comprising a continuous stir tank reactor adapted to receive reactants; a centrifugal dispenser positioned downstream from the reactor and in fluid communication with the reactor; a particle separator positioned downstream of the dispenser; and a solution stream return conduit positioned between the separator and the reactor. Also provided is a method for preparing specific sized particles, the method comprising introducing reagent into a continuous stir reaction tank and allowing the reagents to react to produce product liquor containing particles; contacting the liquor particles with a centrifugal force for a time sufficient to generate particles of a predetermined size and morphology; and returning unused reagents and particles of a non-predetermined size to the tank.
1. A system for preparing specific sized particles, the system comprising:
a. a continuous stir tank reactor adapted to receive reactants;
b. a centrifugal dispenser positioned downstream from the reactor and in fluid communication with the reactor;
c. a particle separator positioned downstream of the dispenser; and
d. a solution stream return conduit positioned between the separator and the reactor.
2. The system as recited in claim 1 wherein the dispenser comprises a centrifugal impeller capable of rotating at between approximately 0 RPM and 10000 RPM.
3. The system as recited in claim 1 wherein the disperser is adapted to receive inlet stream at a volume that is between 0.1 and 50 percent of the volume of the reactor, per minute.
4. The system as recited in claim 1 wherein the reactants include metal solution and alkaline solution.
5. The system as recited in claim 1 wherein the particles are metal compounds selected from the group consisting of metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, metal oxalates, metal oxides, and combinations thereof.
6. The system as recited in claim 1 wherein the particles range in size from between approximately 100 nm and 40 μm.
7. The system as recited in claim 1 further comprising an alkaline solution preparation tank adapted to receive solid alkaline feedstock, wherein the alkaline solution preparation tank is positioned between the solution stream return conduit and the reactor and wherein the alkaline solution preparation tank is in fluid communication with the solution return conduit and the reactor.
8. A method for preparing specific sized particles, the method comprising:
a. introducing reagent into a continuous stir reaction tank and allowing the reagents to react to produce product liquor containing particles;
b. contacting the liquor particles with a centrifugal force for a time sufficient to generate particles of a predetermined size and morphology; and
c. returning unused reagents and particles of a non-predetermined size to the tank.
9. A method as recited in claim 8 wherein the reagent comprises transition metals or nonmetals, or combinations thereof.
10. The method as recited in claim 8 wherein the reagent includes alkalinizing agents selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal carbonates, ammonium compounds, and combinations thereof.
11. A system for preparing a plurality of specific sized particles, the system including a plurality of particle producing modules, each module comprising:
a. a continuous stir tank reactor adapted to receive reactants;
b. a centrifugal dispenser positioned downstream from the reactor and in fluid communication with the reactor;
c. a particle separator positioned downstream of the dispenser for collecting the specific sized particles; and
d. a solution stream return conduit positioned between the separator and the reactor.
12. The system as recited in claim 11 comprising three modules wherein a first of said three modules includes a means for transporting first specific sized particles to a reactor of a third of said three modules.
13. The system as recited in claim 11 comprising three modules wherein a second of said three modules includes a means for transporting second specific sized particles to a reactor of a third of said three modules.
14. The system as recited in claim 11 wherein a first module generates a primary seed particle, a second module generates a secondary seed particle and a third module generates a shell composition comprising the primary and secondary seed particles.
15. The system as recited in claim 14 wherein the primary seed particle comprises between about 1 and 99 percent by weight of the primary seed particle, secondary seed particle and shell composition.
16. The system as recited in claim 14 wherein the secondary seed particle comprises between approximately 1 and 99 percent by weight of the primary seed particle, secondary seed particle and shell composition.
17. The system as recited in claim 11 , wherein each module further comprises an alkaline solution preparation tank adapted to receive solid alkaline feedstock, wherein the alkaline solution preparation tank is positioned between the solution stream return conduit and the reactor and wherein the alkaline solution preparation tank is in fluid communication with the solution return conduit and the reactor.