Spectral imaging sensors and methods

1. A spectral imaging sensor comprising:

a color-coded array of apertures positioned to receive light from an object to be imaged, the array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range;

one or more optical elements positioned to receive light passing through the color-coded array;

a photodetector positioned to receive light from the one of more optical elements; and

an adjustment mechanism configured to adjust a position of the color-coded array relative to the object to be imaged.

2. The spectral imaging sensor of claim 1 , wherein

the array includes a third plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a third predetermined wavelength range different from the first and second predetermined wavelength ranges.

3. The spectral imaging sensor of claim 1 , wherein

the first predetermined wavelength range comprises wavelengths at or above a predetermined wavelength, and the second predetermined wavelength range comprises wavelengths below the predetermined wavelength.

4. The spectral imaging sensor of claim 1 , further comprising an objective lens positioned to receive the light from the object to be imaged, the objective lens positioned between the object to be imaged and the color-coded array of apertures.

5. The spectral imaging sensor of claim 1 , wherein the color-coded array comprises a linear array of apertures.

6. A spectral imaging sensor comprising:

a color-coded array of apertures positioned to receive light from an object to be imaged, the array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range;

one or more optical elements positioned to receive light passing through the color-coded array; and

a photodetector positioned to receive light from the one of more optical elements, wherein

a positioning of the first plurality of apertures and the second plurality of apertures in the color-coded array is randomly predetermined.

7. A spectral imaging sensor comprising:

a color-coded array of apertures positioned to receive light from an object to be imaged, the array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range;

one or more optical elements positioned to receive light passing through the color-coded array; and

a photodetector positioned to receive light from the one of more optical elements, wherein

the photodetector comprises a photodetector array; and

a positioning of the first plurality of apertures and the second plurality of apertures in the color-coded array is predetermined based on locations at which the light passed by the first plurality of apertures and the light passed by the second plurality of apertures contact the photodetector array.

8. A spectral imaging sensor comprising:

a color-coded array of apertures positioned to receive light from an object to be imaged, the array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range;

one or more optical elements positioned to receive light passing through the color-coded array; and

a photodetector positioned to receive light from the one of more optical elements,

wherein the color-coded array comprises a linear array of apertures, and wherein the one or more optical elements comprise a prism configured to refract the light passing through the color-coded array.

9. The spectral imaging sensor of claim 8 , further comprising an adjustment mechanism for adjusting a position of the prism relative to the object to be imaged.

10. A spectral imaging sensor comprising:

a color-coded array of apertures positioned to receive light from an object to be imaged, the array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range;

one or more optical elements positioned to receive light passing through the color-coded array; and

a photodetector positioned to receive light from the one of more optical elements, wherein the color-coded array comprises a circular array of apertures.

11. A spectral imaging sensor comprising:

one or more optical elements positioned to receive light from an object to be imaged;

a photodetector array positioned to receive light passing through the one of more optical elements;

a color-coded array of apertures positioned adjacent a surface of the photodetector array between the photodetector array and the one or more optical elements, the color-coded array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range; and

an adjustment mechanism for adjusting a position of the prism relative to the object to be imaged.

12. The spectral imaging sensor of claim 11 , wherein

the array includes a third plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a third predetermined wavelength range different from the first and second predetermined wavelength ranges.

13. The spectral imaging sensor of claim 11 , wherein

first predetermined wavelength range comprises wavelengths at or above a predetermined wavelength, and the second predetermined wavelength range comprises wavelengths below the predetermined wavelength.

14. A spectral imaging sensor comprising:

one or more optical elements positioned to receive light from an object to be imaged;

a photodetector array positioned to receive light passing through the one of more optical elements; and

a color-coded array of apertures positioned adjacent a surface of the photodetector array between the photodetector array and the one or more optical elements, the color-coded array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range, wherein

a positioning of the first plurality of apertures and the second plurality of apertures in the color-coded array is randomly predetermined.

15. A spectral imaging sensor comprising:

one or more optical elements positioned to receive light from an object to be imaged;

a photodetector array positioned to receive light passing through the one of more optical elements; and

a color-coded array of apertures positioned adjacent a surface of the photodetector array between the photodetector array and the one or more optical elements, the color-coded array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range, wherein the one or more optical elements comprise a prism configured to deflect the light from the object to be imaged.

16. A spectral imaging method comprising the steps of:

filtering light from an object to be imaged through a color-coded array of apertures, the array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range;

redirecting the filtered light with one or more optical elements;

receiving the redirected light with a photodetector; and

adjusting a position of the color-coded array relative to the object to be imaged,

wherein the different color-coded array comprises the position-adjusted color-coded array.

17. The spectral imaging method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of:

focusing the light from the object to be imaged onto the color-coded array with an objective lens.

18. The spectral imaging method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of:

repeating the filtering step using a different color-coded array.

19. The spectral imaging method of claim 16 , wherein the color-coded array comprises a circular array of apertures, and

the adjusting step comprises rotating the color-coded away around a central axis thereof.

20. A spectral imaging method comprising the steps of:

filtering light from an object to be imaged through a color-coded array of apertures, the array including a first plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a first predetermined wavelength range and a second plurality of apertures configured to pass light in a second predetermined wavelength range different from the first predetermined wavelength range;

redirecting the filtered light with one or more optical elements; and

receiving the redirected light with a photodetector, wherein the redirecting step comprises refracting the filtered light with a prism.

21. The spectral imaging method of claim 20 , further comprising the step of:

adjusting a position of the prism relative to the object to be imaged.