Analytical micro-devices for mental health treatment monitoring
A lab on a chip device includes a whole blood inlet port and microchannels to transport a whole blood sample or plasma skimmed from the whole blood sample into a detection chamber that includes at least one 3-electrode set of a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode. The counter electrode, the working electrode and the reference electrode may present bare, unmodified surfaces that are disposed so that clozapine present in the whole blood sample is detected via a reduction-oxidation reaction. Alternatively, the working electrode surface may include catechol grafted to chitosan. A method of detecting analytes and biomarkers includes collecting a whole blood sample, loading the sample into a point-of-care testing (POCT) device that includes at least one working electrode; testing the sample for the occurrence of a redox reaction; and calculating the total oxidative charge when the working electrode is bare or modified as before.
1. A point of care testing (POCT) device comprising:
a whole blood inlet port in fluidic communication with microchannels extending therefrom, the microchannels configured and disposed to transport a whole blood sample of a patient therethrough; and
a detection chamber that includes at least one 3-electrode set of a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode wherein the counter electrode,
wherein a surface of the working electrode comprises catechol grafted to chitosan and wherein a surface of the reference electrode is bare and unmodified and are disposed with respect to one another so that an analyte present in the whole blood sample is detected via an electrochemical reduction-oxidation reaction by the catechol-modified chitosan with the analyte.
2. The point of care testing device according to claim 1 , wherein at least the working electrode of the at least one 3-electrode set is formed of a nanotube material.
3. The point of care testing device according to claim 1 , wherein the nanotube material is selected from the group consisting of carbon; titanium nitride (TiN); or silicon/silicon dioxide/gold (Si/SiO 2 /Au).
4. The point of care testing device according to claim 1 , further comprising a plasma skimming module configured and disposed to separate plasma from the whole blood sample prior to entry of the whole blood sample into the detection chamber.
5. The point of care testing device according to claim 1 , further comprising a plasma skimming module configured and disposed to separate plasma from the whole blood sample prior to entry of the whole blood sample into the detection chamber.
6. The point of care testing device according to claim 1 , wherein the analyte is clozapine.
7. The point of care testing device according to claim 1 , wherein the analyte is clozapine.
8. A method of detecting analytes and biomarkers, comprising:
collecting a whole blood sample of a subject,
loading the sample into a point-of-care testing (POCT) device that includes at least one working electrode of at least one 3-electrode set having a surface that is modified to include chitosan modified by catechol;
testing the whole blood sample for occurrence of a redox reaction at the surface that includes chitosan modified by catechol; and
calculating the total oxidative charge when at least the at least one working electrode of the at least one 3-electrode set includes at the surface chitosan modified by catechol.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein following the step of collecting the whole blood sample and prior to the step of loading the sample, the method includes skimming plasma from the whole blood sample and loading the plasma into the point of care testing device.
10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein following the step of collecting the whole blood sample and prior to the step of loading the sample, the method includes skimming plasma from the whole blood sample and loading the plasma into the point of care testing device.
11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the step of calculating includes calculating the one of the total oxidative or reductive charge, impedance, inductance or capacitance or combinations thereof under overpotential conditions.
12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the step of calculating includes calculating the one of the total oxidative or reductive charge, impedance, inductance or capacitance or combinations thereof under underpotential conditions.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the step of calculating the one of the total oxidative or reductive charge, impedance, inductance or capacitance or combinations thereof under overpotential conditions includes calculating one of electrical current or voltage under the overpotential conditions.
14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the step of calculating the one of the total oxidative or reductive charge, impedance, inductance or capacitance or combinations thereof under underpotential conditions includes calculating one of electrical current or voltage under the underpotential conditions.