Contactor coil current reduction during vehicle battery charging
Methods and systems are described to control the use of electrical power when charging a traction battery. A vehicle module can drive the contactor coils with two set-points for controlling the power into the contactor coils, namely, a travel or vehicle “on” set point and a charging, vehicle “off” set point. In use, full power is initially applied to the coils to guarantee immediate closure of the contactor. During charging and after closing the contactor, the power is set at the charging, vehicle “off” set point. The travel or vehicle “on” set point is higher than the charging, vehicle “off” set point. Using the charging, vehicle “off” set point reduces electricity consumption. The vehicle “on” set point is at a higher electrical level as it must maintain closure under worst-case vibration and shock conditions considering mounting location, contactor orientation, as well as other characteristics of the vehicle and contactor.
1. A vehicle comprising:
a traction battery;
contactor circuitry; and
a controller programmed to
apply, during vehicle travel, a first signal to the contactor circuitry to maintain an electrical connection between the traction battery and an electric motor while a first traction battery signal flows between the traction battery and the electric motor, and
apply, during battery charging while the vehicle is stationary, a second signal to the contactor circuitry to maintain an electrical connection between the traction battery and a charging source while the first traction battery signal does not flow between the traction battery and the electric motor with maintaining the electrical connection for a non-traction signal, wherein the first signal has greater power than the second signal and holds the contactor circuitry in the electrical connection with greater force than the second signal.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further programmed to apply a third signal to the contactor circuitry to initiate connection of the traction battery to the electric motor, wherein the third signal has greater voltage than the first signal.
3. The vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the power of the third signal is about 50% greater than the voltage of the first signal and about 200% greater than the voltage of the second signal.
4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further programmed to apply a third signal to the circuitry to initiate connection of the traction battery to the charging source, wherein the third signal has greater voltage than the first signal,
wherein the contactor circuitry transmits a traction DC signal from the traction battery to power the electric motor when held in contact by the first signal to the contactor circuitry, and
wherein the contactor circuitry transmits a charge DC signal to the traction battery when held in contact by the second signal to the contactor circuitry.
5. The vehicle of claim 4 , wherein the voltage of the third signal is about 50% greater than the voltage of the first signal and about 200% greater than the voltage of the second signal.
6. A traction battery control method comprising:
applying a close signal to a contactor to electrically connect a traction battery to vehicle circuitry to drive an electric motor;
applying a first retain signal to the contactor to hold the contactor in a closed state with the vehicle in motion, wherein the first retain signal has less power than the close signal;
applying the close signal to the contactor to electrically connect the traction battery to vehicle circuitry to charge the battery; and
applying a second retain signal to the contactor to hold the contactor in a closed state during charging of the battery while the vehicle is stationary, wherein the second retain signal has less power than the first retain signal,
wherein the close signal, first retain signal, and the second retain signal are different.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the power associated with the close signal is about 50% greater than the power associated with the first retain signal and about 200% greater than the power associated with the second retain signal.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein a current associated with the close signal is about 300 milliamps, a current associated with the first retain signal is about 200 milliamps, and a current associated with the second retain signal is about 150 milliamps.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second retain signal further has a lower voltage than the first retain signal.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the close signal further has a higher voltage than the first retain signal.
11. A vehicle comprising:
a traction-battery;
a contactor configured to selectively connect the traction-battery to an electric motor or charging source, the contactor having an open state in an absence of an applied voltage, a first closed-state in a presence of a first applied voltage for travel, a second closed-state in a presence of a second applied voltage less than the first applied voltage only for charging; and
a controller for providing the applied voltages.
12. The vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further programmed to provide the first applied voltage during travel of the vehicle to maintain electrical connection between the battery and motor.
13. The vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further programmed to provide the second voltage during charging of the battery while the vehicle is stationary to maintain electrical connection between the battery and charging source.
14. The vehicle of claim 11 , wherein a power associated with the first applied voltage is greater than a power associated with the second applied voltage.
15. The vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the first and second applied voltages are associated with a vehicle system rail voltage.
16. The vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the controller is further programmed to:
provide the first applied voltage during travel of the vehicle to maintain electrical connection between the battery and motor, and
provide the second voltage during charging of the battery while the vehicle is stationary to maintain electrical connection between the battery and charging source.
17. The vehicle of claim 16 , wherein a power associated with the first applied voltage is greater than a power associated with the second applied voltage; and wherein at least one of the first applied voltage, the second applied voltage, or both are a vehicle system rail voltage.