Rotating stall detection through ratiometric measure of the sub-synchronous band spectrum
A method for obtaining a baseline for detecting rotating stall using localized information already included within the frequency spectrum. Namely, ratiometric measures, i.e., quadratic coefficients obtained from weighted quadratic regression of sub-synchronous spectrum and/or information obtained through peak detections, are used to detect rotating stall. These ratiometric measures are configured to isolate changes caused by rotating stall from those caused by other operational conditions. As a result, new baseline information can be established to more reliably characterize a system, such as a system with associated turbines or compressors. Empirical or statistical approaches can be combined to automate the process of obtaining a new baseline and to detect rotating stall.
1. A method comprising:
calculating, by a computer based system configured to detect rotating stall in an engine, a power spectrum density (PSD) from data collected for a signal in the time domain;
determining, by the computer based system, a synchronous frequency component from at least one of the signal or an external signal source, wherein the external signal source comprises an optical tachometer configured to obtain real-time shaft speed;
identifying, by the computer based system, a frequency band from the calculated PSD and the determined synchronous frequency component as a sub-synchronous spectrum band;
calculating, by the computer based system, a quadratic function approximation coefficient to the identified frequency band in the identified sub-synchronous spectrum band;
setting, by the computer based system, a calculated quadratic function approximation coefficient to zero if at least one of the calculated quadratic function approximation coefficient is a positive number and the peak of the calculated quadratic function approximation is located outside the identified sub-synchronous spectrum band; and
analyzing, by the computer based system, the quadratic function approximation coefficient as an indicator of rotating stall for at least one of a baseline and detection.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying, by the computer based system, a weight function to the frequency spectrum in the sub-synchronous spectrum band.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the weight function is configured to at least one of exclude and minimize the influence of at least one of noise and tones in a range of fixed frequency components.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analyzing the quadratic function approximation coefficient as the indicator of the rotating stall further comprises inspecting the curvature of the quadratic function approximation coefficient.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising processing, by the computer based system, localized information included within the frequency spectrum to determine the baseline for determining the rotating stall.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising employing a sliding block scheme, wherein a spectral band of interest is divided into sub-regions of a size comparable to expected peak and valley features.
7. The method claim 1 , wherein ratiometric measures are processed to determine the baseline for determining the rotating stall, wherein the ratiometric measures comprise quadratic coefficients obtained from weighted quadratic regression of the sub-synchronous spectrum band.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising processing ratiometric measures obtained from spectrum shapes in the sub-synchronous spectrum band to circumvent at least one of direct comparison and absolute measures to determine the baseline.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein relative changes measured directly from a single set of spectrum in the vicinity of the sub-synchronous spectrum band are used to determine the rotating stall.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the shape of a spectrum is calculated and processed as the baseline for the detection of the rotating stall.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of kurtosis and crest factor analysis is processed by the computer based system as a peakedness indicator for the detection of the rotating stall.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synchronous band spectrum is obtained from at least one of a vibration signal, a pressure signal, an acoustic signal, a strain signal and a displacement signal.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing, by the computer based system, instant conditions against the baseline to identify the occurrence of rotating stall in substantially real-time.
14. A method for determining rotating stall in an engine comprising:
calculating, by a computer based system configured to detect rotating stall in the engine, a frequency spectrum from data collected for a signal in the time domain;
determining, by the computer based system, a synchronous frequency component from at least one of the signal or an external signal source, wherein the external signal source comprises an optical tachometer configured to obtain real-time shaft speed;
processing, by the computer based system, ratiometric measures to determine a baseline for determining rotating stall, wherein the ratiometric measures comprise quadratic coefficients obtained from weighted quadratic regression of a sub-synchronous spectrum;
calculating, by the computer based system, a quadratic function approximation coefficient to the sub-synchronous spectrum;
setting, by the computer based system, the quadratic function approximation coefficient to zero if at least one of the quadratic function approximation coefficient is a positive number and a peak of the quadratic function approximation is located outside the sub-synchronous spectrum; and
analyzing, by the computer based system, the quadratic function approximation coefficient as an indicator of rotating stall.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising comparing, by the computer based system, instant conditions against the baseline to identify the occurrence of rotating stall in substantially real-time.