Compressor stall mitigation
A method for operating a hybrid-electric propulsion system of an aircraft, the hybrid-electric propulsion system comprising a gas turbine engine having a compressor and an electric machine coupled to the compressor, the method comprising: sensing data indicative of a pressure within the compressor of the gas turbine engine; determining conditions within the compressor are within a threshold of a stall limit for the compressor based at least in part on the sensed data indicative of the pressure within the compressor of the gas turbine engine; and modifying a torque of the compressor using the electric machine in response to determining the conditions within the compressor are within the threshold of the stall limit for the compressor to reduce a risk of compressor stall.
1 . A method for operating a hybrid-electric propulsion system of an aircraft, the hybrid-electric propulsion system comprising a gas turbine engine having a compressor, an electric machine coupled to the compressor, and an engine controller, the method comprising:
sensing data indicative of pressures within the compressor of the gas turbine engine with a plurality of high-frequency sensors arranged at different axial locations of the compressor and capable of sensing data at frequencies from 500 hertz to 10 kilohertz;
monitoring the plurality of high-frequency sensors to determine a location within the compressor in which conditions are within a threshold of a stall limit for the compressor based at least in part on the sensed data indicative of the pressures within the compressor of the gas turbine engine;
selecting a torque profile that includes an amount of torque and a frequency of torque to match the location within the compressor in which conditions are within the threshold of the stall limit; and
modifying a torque of the compressor according to the selected torque profile using the electric machine in response to determining the location within the compressor to reduce a risk of compressor stall;
wherein modifying the torque of the compressor using the electric machine comprises modifying the torque of the compressor using the electric machine within an amount of time less than 0.5 seconds from determining conditions within the compressor are within the threshold of the stall limit for the compressor.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining conditions within the compressor are within a threshold of a rotating stall limit for the compressor.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein modifying the torque of the compressor using the electric machine comprises adding torque to the compressor using the electric machine.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compressor is a high pressure compressor, and wherein the electric machine is drivingly coupled to the high pressure compressor.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors are arranged along a circumferential direction of the engine.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein modifying the torque of the compressor using the electric machine comprises modifying the torque of the compressor using the electric machine within an amount of time less than 0.1 seconds from determining conditions within the compressor are within the threshold of the stall limit for the compressor.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
providing power to a power converter to power the electric machine;
converting the power with the power converter to drive the electric machine; and
determining conditions within the compressor are within the threshold of the stall limit for the compressor using the power converter.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring step is performed at least partially using power electronics, a power converter, or both that are separate from the engine controller, wherein the power electronics, the power converter, or both define a refresh rate that is faster than a refresh rate of the engine controller.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising sensing data indicative of pressure fluctuations, including a pattern and location of the pressure fluctuations; and
apply a torque with the electric machine to the compressor to oppose the pattern of the pressure fluctuations.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the application of torque to the compressor varies in phase, frequency, and magnitude to lower an amplitude of the pressure fluctuations.
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the application of torque to the compressor is in a sinusoidal pattern 180 degrees out of phase with the pattern of the pressure fluctuations.
12 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
sensing a harmonic profile of pressure variation with the plurality of sensors; and
modulating a radial speed of the compressor with the electric machine according to the harmonic profile.
13 . A method for operating a hybrid-electric propulsion system of an aircraft, the hybrid-electric propulsion system comprising a gas turbine engine having a compressor and an electric machine coupled to the compressor, the method comprising:
sensing data indicative of pressures within the compressor of the gas turbine engine with a plurality of high-frequency sensors arranged at different axial locations of the compressor and capable of sensing data at frequencies from 500 hertz to 10 kilohertz;
monitoring the plurality of high-frequency sensors to determine a location of within the compressor in which conditions are within a threshold of a stall limit for the compressor based at least in part on the sensed data indicative of the pressures within the compressor of the gas turbine engine;
providing power to a power converter to power the electric machine;
converting the power with the power converter to drive the electric machine;
selecting a torque profile that includes an amount of torque and a frequency of torque to match the location within the compressor in which conditions are within the threshold of the stall limit; and
modifying a torque of the compressor according to the selected torque profile using the electric machine in response to determining the location within the compressor to reduce a risk of rotating stall.