Method of producing glass-ceramic
A method of producing glass-ceramic includes providing a glass made from a glass composition comprising LiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and at least one nucleating agent. The glass is disposed in a microwave processing chamber. Microwaves are then selectively delivered into the microwave processing chamber at varying frequencies to induce different distributions of microwave fields in the glass. The glass is nucleated and crystallized while under the influence of the induced microwave fields.
1. A method of producing glass-ceramic, comprising:
providing a glass made from a glass composition comprising LiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and at least one nucleating agent;
disposing the glass in a microwave processing chamber;
selectively delivering microwaves into the microwave processing chamber at varying frequencies in a range from 5.4 GHz to 7.0 GHz to induce different distributions of microwave fields in the glass;
heating the glass to a nucleation temperature under the influence of the induced microwave fields;
maintaining the glass at the nucleation temperature under the influence of the induced microwave fields for a time period during which crystal nuclei develop in the glass;
heating the glass to a crystallization temperature under the influence of the induced microwave fields;
maintaining the glass at the crystallization temperature under the influence of the induced microwave fields for a time period during which at least one crystalline phase grows in the glass, thereby forming a glass-ceramic; and
cooling the glass-ceramic from the crystallization temperature to room temperature, the cooling comprising an initial phase in which microwaves are applied to the glass-ceramic, wherein a temperature of the glass-ceramic drops by 5% to 20% of the crystallization temperature during the initial phase of the cooling.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic comprises β-spodumene solid solution crystals in an amount of greater than 75% of a total crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the glass-ceramic further comprises rutile crystals and gahnite crystals in a total amount of less than 25% of the total crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the rutile crystals constitute between 4% and 8% of the total crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic and the gahnite crystals constitute between 7% and 12% of the total crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one nucleating agent is TiO 2 .
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooling further comprises forced air cooling of the glass-ceramic after the initial phase of cooling with microwaves.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein disposing the glass in the microwave processing chamber comprises surrounding the glass with a thermally insulating and microwave transparent material.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleation temperature is in a range from 770° C. to 850° C.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the crystallization temperature is in a range from 950° C. to 1100° C.