Actinic and electron beam radiation curable water based electrode binders and electrodes incorporating same
A process for manufacturing an electrode utilizing electron beam (EB) or actinic radiation to cure the electrode binder is provided. A process is also disclosed for mixing specific actinic or EB radiation curable polymer precursors with electrode solid particles to form an aqueous mixture, application of the mixture to an electrode current collector, followed by the application of actinic or EB radiation to the current collector for curing the polymer, thereby binding the electrode binder to the current collector. Lithium ion batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and components produced therefrom are also provided.
1. An electrode comprising a current collector and a layer bonded to the current collector, the layer comprising solid electrode particles held in an electrode binder, the electrode binder including UV crosslinked oligomers covalently bonded to one another and bonded to the current collector via UV radiation, the layer further comprising a photoinitiator, the oligomers comprising polyester oligomers, derivatized cellulose oligomers, polysulfide oligomers or silicone oligomers, the oligomers having a number average molecular weight of about 50,000 or less, and the oligomers being water dispersible or water dissolvable oligomers.
2. The electrode of claim 1 , the electrode binder further comprising a reacted UV curable crosslinking agent covalently bonded to and crosslinking the oligomers.
3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the photoinitiator is covalently bonded to the oligomers.
4. The electrode of claim 1 , the electrode binder further comprising crosslinked monomers.
5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a cathode.
6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is an anode.
7. The electrode of claim 1 , the solid electrode particles including carbon particulate materials, silicon-based materials, metal oxide salts, ceramic materials, or combinations thereof.
8. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the electrode particles include a lithiated compound.
9. A battery comprising the electrode of claim 1 .
10. The battery of claim 9 , wherein the battery is a lithium ion battery.
11. A double layer capacitor comprising the electrode of claim 1 .
12. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrode particles are encapsulated within a network comprising the crosslinked oligomers.
13. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the layer is from about 1 micron to about 500 microns in thickness.
14. An electrode comprising a current collector and a layer bonded to the current collector, the layer comprising solid electrode particles held in an electrode binder, the electrode binder including UV crosslinked oligomers covalently bonded to one another and bonded to the current collector via UV radiation, the layer further comprising a photoinitiator, the oligomers comprising polyethylene oligomers, polypropylene oligomers, polystyrene oligomers, polyvinylcyclohexane oligomers, or oligomers comprising polymerized 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, cyclohexene, styrene, toluene, or α-methylstyrene, the oligomers having a number average molecular weight of about 50,000 or less, and the oligomers being water dispersible or water dissolvable oligomers.
15. The electrode of claim 14 , the electrode binder further comprising a reacted UV curable crosslinking agent covalently bonded to and crosslinking the oligomers.
16. The electrode of claim 14 , wherein the photoinitiator is covalently bonded to the oligomers.
17. The electrode of claim 14 , the solid electrode particles including carbon particulate materials, silicon-based materials, metal oxide salts, ceramic materials, or combinations thereof.
18. The electrode of claim 17 , wherein the electrode particles include a lithiated compound.
19. The electrode of claim 14 , wherein the layer is from about 1 micron to about 500 microns in thickness.
20. A battery comprising the electrode of claim 14 .
21. The battery of claim 20 , wherein the battery is a lithium ion battery.
22. The electrode of claim 14 , wherein the solid electrode particles are encapsulated within a network comprising the crosslinked oligomers.