Hydroxyl generator
Superior hydroxyls are provided which have effects on organic and inorganic compounds and/or pollutants over substantial periods of time and/or at substantial distances from where the superior hydroxyls are generated. Also provided is a hydroxyl generator, in which UV lamps are positioned such that the coronas which they produce when emitting UV radiation fill substantially all the interior space of the hydroxyl generator. The coronas overlap each other by a maximum amount of between 5% and 25% of the radius of each corona.
1. A hydroxyl generator comprising:
a housing having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the interior surface defining an interior space having one or more apertures to permit entrance and exit of air into and out of the interior space, the housing having baffles for regulating how long it takes for air to pass through the housing;
a blower or fan for moving air from outside the housing into the interior space and for ejecting air from the interior space; and
ultraviolet (UV) lamps arranged within the interior space, each of which, when generating UV radiation, creates in proximity to a surface of the UV lamp a near-infrared (NIR) region, wherein the NIR regions of adjacent UV lamps overlap each other by less than 25% of the radius of the NIR regions,
wherein the NIR regions from the UV lamps fill substantially all the interior space of the housing, whereby substantially all air entering the housing can only leave after having passed through at least one NIR region and is ejected from the interior space while containing hydroxyl radicals.
2. The hydroxyl generator of claim 1 , wherein the UV lamps are arranged in one or more rows.
3. The hydroxyl generator of claim 2 , wherein the UV lamps are arranged in more than one row, and wherein the rows are arranged in an offset manner.
4. The hydroxyl generator of claim 3 , wherein each row of the one or more of the rows of UV lamps is independently removable from the housing.
5. The hydroxyl generator of claim 4 , wherein the interior surface comprises aluminum.
6. The hydroxyl generator of claim 2 , wherein the one or more of the rows of UV lamps is removable from the housing.
7. The hydroxyl generator of claim 6 , wherein the interior surface reflects the UV radiation generated by the UV lamps.
8. The hydroxyl generator of claim 3 , wherein the interior surface reflects the UV radiation generated by the UV lamps.
9. The hydroxyl generator of claim 2 , wherein the interior surface reflects the UV radiation generated by the UV lamps.
10. The hydroxyl generator of claim 1 , wherein the interior surface reflects the UV radiation generated by the UV lamps.
11. The hydroxyl generator of claim 1 , further comprising:
a humidifier to produce moist air, with at least 5% ambient humidity, through the interior space of the housing.
12. The hydroxyl generator of claim 1 , wherein the baffles cause the moving air to be present inside the housing for at least 340 milliseconds.
13. The hydroxyl generator of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more UV lamps generates UV radiation with a wavelength of about 185 nm.
14. A hydroxyl generator comprising:
a housing having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the interior surface defining an interior space having one or more apertures to permit entrance and exit of air into and out of the interior space;
a blower or fan for moving air from outside the housing into the interior space and for ejecting air from the interior space; and
ultraviolet (UV) lamps, each UV lamp being cylindrical and having an exterior diameter of ¾ of an inch, arranged within the interior space such that centers of the UV lamps are 3 inches apart, each of which, when generating UV radiation, creates in proximity to a surface of the UV lamp one or more near-infrared (NIR) regions having a diameter of 3¾ inches, wherein the NIR regions of adjacent UV lamps overlap each other by an amount of less than 25% of the radius of the NIR region,
wherein the NIR regions from the UV lamps fill substantially all the interior space of the housing, whereby substantially all air entering the housing can only leave after having passed through at least one NIR region and is ejected from the interior space while containing hydroxyl radicals.
15. The hydroxyl generator of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the UV lamps generates UV radiation with a wavelength of about 185 nm.
16. The hydroxyl generator of claim 14 , wherein the UV lamps are arranged in two or more rows.
17. The hydroxyl generator of claim 16 , wherein the two or more rows are arranged in an offset manner.
18. The hydroxyl generator of claim 16 , wherein the two or more of the rows of UV lamps are removable from the housing.
19. The hydroxyl generator of claim 16 , wherein each row of the two or more rows of UV lamps is independently removable from the housing.
20. The hydroxyl generator of claim 14 , wherein the interior surface is 1½ inches from a centerline of UV lamps nearest the interior surface, and wherein the interior surface reflects the UV radiation generated by the UV lamps.
21. The hydroxyl generator of claim 14 , further comprising:
a means for adding humidity to produce moist air, with at least 5% ambient humidity, through the interior space of the housing.
22. A hydroxyl generator comprising:
a housing having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the interior surface defining an interior space having one or more apertures to permit entrance and exit of air into and out of the interior space, the housing having baffles for regulating how long it takes for air to pass through the housing;
an air moving device for moving air from outside the housing into the interior space and for ejecting air from the interior space, wherein the moving air is present inside the housing for at least 170 milliseconds; and
ultraviolet (UV) lamps, each of which, when generating UV radiation, creates in proximity to a surface of the UV lamp a near-infrared (NIR) region,
wherein the NIR regions fill substantially all the interior space of the housing whereby substantially all air entering the housing can only leave after having passed through at least one NIR region and is ejected from the interior space while containing superior hydroxyl radicals, and
wherein the NIR regions of adjacent UV lamps overlap each other by a distance of less than 25% of the radius of the NIR region.
23. The hydroxyl generator of claim 22 , wherein each UV lamp is cylindrical and has an exterior diameter of ¾ of an inch, and wherein the UV lamps are arranged within the interior space such that centers of the UV lamps are 3 inches apart.
24. The hydroxyl generator of claim 23 , wherein each NIR region has a diameter of 3¾ inches.
25. The hydroxyl generator of claim 23 , wherein each UV lamp generates UV radiation with a wavelength of less than 240 nm.
26. The hydroxyl generator of claim 22 , wherein the interior surface is 1½ inches from a centerline of UV lamps nearest the interior surface, and wherein the interior surface reflects the UV radiation generated by the UV lamps.
27. The hydroxyl generator of claim 22 , wherein the UV lamps are arranged in a single row.
28. The hydroxyl generator of claim 22 , wherein the UV lamps are arranged in two or more rows.
29. The hydroxyl generator of claim 28 , wherein the two or more rows are arranged in an offset manner.
30. The hydroxyl generator of claim 28 , wherein the two or more of the rows of UV lamps are removable from the housing.
31. The hydroxyl generator of claim 28 , wherein each row of the two or more rows of UV lamps is independently removable from the housing.
32. The hydroxyl generator of claim 22 , wherein the interior surface is 1½ inches from a centerline of UV lamps nearest the interior surface, and wherein the interior surface reflects the UV radiation generated by the UV lamps.
33. The hydroxyl generator of claim 22 , further comprising:
means for adding humidity to produce moist air, with at least 5% ambient humidity, through the interior space of the housing.