Multi-carrier communications with adaptive cluster configuration and switching

1. A method of allocating sets of subcarriers, each of the sets of subcarriers including a plurality of subcarriers, by a base station which communicates with a plurality of subscribers using an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) system, the method comprising:

allocating to a first subscriber a first set of subcarriers to be used for a first data transmission to the first subscriber, the allocated first set of subcarriers including a plurality of subcarriers at least one subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers being disjoint in frequency from another subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers to obtain frequency diversity; and

allocating to a second subscriber a second set of subcarriers to be used for a second data transmission to the second subscriber, the second data transmission to occur simultaneously with the first data transmission to the first subscriber using the allocated first set of subcarriers, the allocated second subcarriers including only consecutive subcarriers.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the allocation of the first set of subcarriers is identified by a first identification provided from the base station to the first subscriber.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first identification includes a modulation and coding format to be used by the first subscriber for the first data transmission to the first subscriber.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the allocation of the second set of subcarriers is identified by a second identification provided from the base station to the second subscriber.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the allocated first set of subcarriers includes two or more subcarriers spread farther apart than a coherence bandwidth of a respective channel.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the allocated first set of subcarriers is specified by a cluster index.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first data transmission to the first subscriber includes channel coding across the plurality of subcarriers of the allocated first set of subcarriers.

8. A base station that communicates with a plurality of subscribers and allocates sets of subcarriers, each of the sets of subcarriers including a plurality of subcarriers, using an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) system, the base station comprising:

a controller configured to:

allocate to a first subscriber a first set of subcarriers to be used for a first data transmission to a first subscriber, an allocated first set of subcarriers including a plurality of subcarriers at least one subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers being disjoint in frequency from another subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers to obtain frequency diversity; and

allocate to a second subscriber a second set of subcarriers to be used for a second data transmission to a second subscriber, the second data transmission to occur simultaneously with the first data transmission to the first subscriber using the allocated first set of subcarriers, an allocated second set of subcarriers including only consecutive subcarriers.

9. The base station of claim 8 , further comprising:

receive/transmit circuitry configured to:

provide the first subscriber with a first identification identifying the allocated first set of subcarriers.

10. The base station of claim 9 , wherein the first identification includes a modulation and coding format to be used by the first subscriber for the first data transmission to the first subscriber.

11. The base station of claim 8 , further comprising:

receive/transmit circuitry configured to:

provide the second subscriber with a second identification identifying the allocated second set of subcarriers.

12. The base station of claim 8 , wherein the allocated first set of subcarriers includes two or more subcarriers spread farther apart than a coherence bandwidth of a respective channel.

13. The base station of claim 8 , wherein the allocated first set of subcarriers is specified by a cluster index.

14. The base station of claim 8 , wherein the first data transmission to the first subscriber includes channel coding across the plurality of subcarriers of the allocated first set of sub carriers.

15. A method of allocating a plurality of sets of subcarriers, each of which includes a plurality of subcarriers, from a base station to a plurality of subscribers using an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) system, the method comprising:

allocating a first set of subcarriers to be used for a first data transmission by providing a first identification identifying the first set of subcarriers to be allocated to a first subscriber in each of a first time slot and a second time slot, at least one subcarrier of the first set of subcarriers allocated in the second time slot being different from all subcarriers belonging to the first set of subcarriers allocated in the first time slot, at least two subcarriers of the first set of subcarriers allocated in the first time slot being disjoint and at least two subcarriers of the first set of subcarriers allocated in the second time slot being disjoint; and

allocating a second subscriber a second set of subcarriers to be used for a second data transmission, the allocated second set of subcarriers including only consecutive subcarriers.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second set of subcarriers is identified by a second identification provided from the base station to the second subscriber.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the allocated first set of subcarriers includes two or more subcarriers spread farther apart than a coherence bandwidth of a respective channel.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first identification includes a modulation and coding format to be used by the first subscriber for the first data transmission to the first subscriber.

19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the allocated first set of subcarriers is specified by a cluster index.

20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first data transmission to the first subscriber includes channel coding across the allocated first set of subcarriers.

21. A base station that allocates a plurality of sets of subcarriers, each of which includes a plurality of subcarriers, to a plurality of subscribers using an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) system, the base station comprising:

a controller configured to:

allocate a first set of subcarriers to be used for a first data transmission by providing a first identification identifying the first set of subcarriers to be allocated to a first subscriber in each of a first time slot and a second time slot, at least one subcarrier of the first set of subcarriers allocated in the second time slot being different from all subcarriers belonging to the first set of subcarriers allocated in the first time slot, at least two subcarriers of the first set of subcarriers allocated in the first time slot being disjoint and at least two subcarriers of the first set of subcarriers allocated in the second time slot being disjoint; and allocate a second subscriber a second set of subcarriers to be used for a second data transmission, an allocated second set of subcarriers including only consecutive subcarriers.

22. The base station of claim 21 , which provides a second identification to the second subscriber for identifying the second set of subcarriers.

23. The base station of claim 21 , wherein an allocated first set of subcarriers includes two or more subcarriers spread farther apart than a coherence bandwidth of a respective channel.

24. The base station of claim 21 , wherein the first identification includes a modulation and coding format to be used by the first subscriber for the first data transmission to the first subscriber.

25. The base station of claim 21 , wherein an allocated first set of subcarriers is specified by a cluster index.

26. The base station of claim 21 , wherein the first data transmission to the first subscriber includes channel coding across an allocated first set of subcarriers.