Sulfur scavenging materials comprising hexahydrotriazine-modified particle
Materials which react with (“scavenge”) sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, are useful for limiting sulfur-induced corrosion. Surface-modified particles incorporating a hexahydrotriazine moiety are disclosed and used as sulfur scavengers. These surface-modified particles are used a filter media in fixed filter systems and as additives to fluids including sulfur compounds. The hexahydrotriazine moiety can react with sulfur compounds in such a manner as to bind sulfur atoms to the surface-modified particles, thus allowing removal of the sulfur atoms from fluids such as crude oil, natural gas, hydrocarbon combustion exhaust gases, sulfur polluted air and water. The surface-modified particles may, in general, be sized to allow separation of the particles from the process fluid by sedimentation, size-exclusion filtration or the like.
1. A surface-modified particle, comprising:
a particle linked to a triazine ring of hexahydrotriazine moiety via a covalent bond to a first nitrogen atom in the triazine ring of the hexahydrotriazine moiety.
2. The surface-modified particle of claim 1 , wherein the particle is silica.
3. The surface-modified particle of claim 1 , wherein the first nitrogen atom in the triazine ring of the hexahydrotriazine moiety is attached to the particle by a hydrocarbon linkage.
4. The surface-modified particle of claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbon linkage is a straight-chain alkyl group.
5. The surface-modified particle of claim 4 , wherein the straight-chain alkyl group includes at least three carbon atoms.
6. The surface-modified particle of claim 1 , wherein the hexahydrotriazine moiety is linked to the particle via a linking group formed by a silane including a primary amine group.
7. The surface-modified particle of claim 6 , wherein the silane is (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane.
8. The surface-modified particle of claim 1 , wherein the particle is an inorganic particle.
9. The surface-modified particle of claim 1 , wherein the particle is spherical-shaped.
10. The surface-modified particle of claim 1 , wherein a second nitrogen atom in the triazine ring of the hexahydrotriazine moiety is bonded to a first electron-donating group comprising an aromatic moiety, and a third nitrogen atom in the triazine ring of the hexahydrotriazine moiety is bonded to a second electron-donating group comprising an aromatic moiety.
11. A surface-modified particle, comprising:
a particle linked via a covalent bond to a first nitrogen atom in a triazine ring of a hexahydrotriazine moiety, wherein a N,N-dimethylamino-p-phenyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom in the triazine ring of the hexahydrotriazine moiety other than the first nitrogen atom.
12. The surface-modified particle of claim 11 , wherein the particle is silica.
13. The surface-modified particle of claim 11 , wherein the first nitrogen atom in the triazine ring of the hexahydrotriazine moiety is attached to the particle by a hydrocarbon linkage.
14. The surface-modified particle of claim 13 , wherein the hydrocarbon linkage is a straight-chain alkyl group.
15. The surface-modified particle of claim 12 , wherein the straight-chain alkyl group includes at least three carbon atoms.
16. The surface-modified particle of claim 11 , wherein the hexahydrotriazine moiety is linked to the particle via a linking group formed by a silane including a primary amine group.
17. The surface-modified particle of claim 14 , wherein the silane is (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane.
18. The surface-modified particle of claim 11 , wherein the particle is an inorganic particle.
19. The surface-modified particle of claim 11 , wherein the particle is spherical-shaped.