Monolithic silicon coherent transceiver with integrated laser and gain elements
Disclosed are structures and methods for a monolithic silicon (Si) coherent transceiver with integrated laser and gain elements wherein an InP chip is bonded to the Si chip in a recess formed in that Si chip.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a substrate having a first waveguide, at least one photodetector, at least one modulator and a recess formed in the substrate, wherein the first waveguide is optically coupled to the at least one photodetector and to the at least one modulator;
a chip having a second waveguide, a spot size converter, a first facet and a second facet;
wherein a portion of the first facet of the chip aligned with an end of the second waveguide is covered with a reflective coating;
wherein the chip is positioned in the recess such that the first waveguide is optically coupled to the second waveguide by the spot size converter and through the second facet of the chip.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the second waveguide comprises a gain medium.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spot size converter is a first spot size converter, and wherein the second waveguide is optically coupled to the first waveguide by a second spot size converter disposed in the substrate.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein the substrate comprises a first wall and a second wall bounding the recess;
wherein the first waveguide is optically coupled to the second waveguide through the second wall of the recess;
wherein a first distance between the first wall of the recess and the first facet of the chip is greater than a second distance between the second wall of the recess and the second facet of the chip.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the second wall of the recess is in contact with the second facet of the chip.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a surface of the substrate bounding, at least in part, the recess, has a metal pad disposed thereon, and wherein the chip is disposed on the metal pad.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second waveguide is at least a portion of an optical amplifier.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second waveguide is at least a portion of a laser.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the chip further comprises a third waveguide, wherein the third waveguide is at least a portion of an optical amplifier.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the end of the second waveguide is a first end, wherein a portion of the second facet of the chip aligned with a second end of the second waveguide is covered with an anti-reflective coating.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is made of silicon.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the chip is made of indium phosphide.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the recess is a first recess, and
the substrate has a second recess formed therein;
wherein the second recess overlaps with an end of the first waveguide optically coupled to the second waveguide.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , where the first recess and the second recess are connected.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the second recess is at least partially filled.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the second recess is at least partially filled with an epoxy.