Nano-materials for adhesive-free adsorbers for bakable extreme high vacuum cryopump surfaces
A cryosorber panel having nanomaterials used for the cryosorption material, with nanomaterial either grown directly on the cryopanel or freestanding nanomaterials attached to the cryopanel mechanically without the use of adhesives. Such nanomaterial cryosorber materials can be used in place of conventional charcoals that are attached to cryosorber panels with special low outgassing, low temperature capable adhesives. Carbon nanotubes and other nanomaterials could serve the same purpose as conventional charcoal cryosorbers, providing a large surface area for cryosorption without the need for adhesive since the nanomaterials can be grown directly on a metallic substrate or mechanically attached. The nanomaterials would be capable of being fully baked by heating above 100° C., thereby eliminating water vapor from the system, eliminating adhesives from the system, and allowing a full bake of the system to reduce hydrogen outgassing, with the goal of obtaining extreme high vacuum where the pump can produce pressures below 1×10 −12 Torr.
1. A method of pumping a vacuum system to an extreme high vacuum (XHV), comprising:
a) providing a closed cycle helium refrigeration cryopump with a removable coldhead and a cryosorption panel therein;
b) securing an adhesive-free nano-material to said cryosorption panel to form a cryosorption surface within said cryopump;
c) fully baking the cryosorption panel at a temperature greater than 100° C. to reduce the hydrogen outgassing load and eliminate water vapor from the cryopump; and
d) operating the cryopump until a pressure below 10 −12 Torr is achieved in the vacuum system.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein securing said adhesive-free nano-material to said cryosorption panel includes mechanically attaching said nano-material to said cryosorption panel.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein securing said adhesive-free nano-material to said cryosorption panel includes growing said nano-material directly on said cryosorption panel.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the mechanically attached nano-material cryosorption material can be a free standing material such as BNNT Fibril™ or other freestanding nanomaterial.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the means of growing said nano-material directly on said metallic substrate is selected from the group including but not limited to using wet chemistry and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
6. A method of pumping a vacuum system to an extreme high vacuum (XHV), comprising:
a) providing a cryopumping panel including a cryosorption surface that can be baked;
b) securing an adhesive-free nano-material to said cryosorption panel;
c) fully baking the cryosorption panel at a temperature greater than 100° C. to reduce the hydrogen outgassing load and eliminate water vapor from the cryopump;
d) cooling said cryosorption panel with liquid helium; and
e) operating the cryopump until a pressure below 10 −12 Torr is achieved in the vacuum system.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said cooling includes cooling with a bath of liquid helium.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said cooling includes cooling with a flow of liquid helium.