Low friction wear resistant graphene films
A low friction wear surface with a coefficient of friction in the superlubric regime including graphene and nanoparticles on the wear surface is provided, and methods of producing the low friction wear surface are also provided. A long lifetime wear resistant surface including graphene exposed to hydrogen is provided, including methods of increasing the lifetime of graphene containing wear surfaces by providing hydrogen to the wear surface.
1. A low friction wear surface comprising:
a substrate;
graphene disposed over the substrate; and
a plurality of nanoparticles consisting essentially of a material selected from the group consisting of nickel and diamond disposed over the the graphene;
a plurality of graphene scrolls formed on the substrate, at least a portion of the plurality of graphene scrolls having a nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles disposed therein.
2. The low friction wear surface of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a transition metal and an insulator.
3. The low friction wear surface of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises at least a portion of a bearing, mold, razor blade, wind turbine, gun barrel, gas compressor, fuel cell, artificial hip joint, artificial knee joint, magnetic storage disk, scratch-free monitor, scratch-resistant monitor, television, barcode scanner, solar panel, watch, mobile phone, computer or electrical connector.
4. The low friction wear surface of claim 1 , wherein the low friction wear surface has a coefficient of friction of less than about 0.01 with diamond like carbon.
5. The low friction wear surface of claim 1 further comprising a diamond like carbon layer in contact with the plurality of graphene scrolls.
6. A wear resistant surface comprising:
a substrate, and
a graphene layer disposed over the substrate, the graphene layer having a plurality of defect sites;
hydrogen bonded to exposed carbon edges of the defect sites;
wherein the bonded hydrogen passivates the defect sites.
7. The wear resistant surface of claim 6 , wherein the graphene layer is a single graphene layer.
8. The wear resistant surface of claim 6 , wherein the wear resistant layer has a lifetime of at least about 6,400 cycles of sliding contact with a steel ball at a pressure of about 0.3 GPa and the substrate comprises steel.
9. The wear resistant surface of claim 6 , wherein the graphene layer comprises multiple graphene layers.
10. The wear resistant surface of claim 9 , wherein the wear resistant layer has a lifetime of at least about 47,000 cycles of sliding contact with a steel ball at a pressure of about 0.3 GPa and the substrate comprises steel.
11. The wear resistant surface of claim 6 , wherein the substrate comprises at least a portion of a bearing, mold, razor blade, wind turbine, gun barrel, gas compressor, fuel cell, artificial hip joint, artificial knee joint, magnetic storage disk, scratch-free monitor, scratch-resistant monitor, television, barcode scanner, solar panel, watch, mobile phone, computer or electrical connector.
12. The wear resistant surface of claim 6 , wherein the wear resistant surface comprises molecular hydrogen bonded only to the exposed carbon edges of the defect sites.