Optical touch screens
A lens for placement opposite a diode in an optical touch sensor, including an upper portion including an upper refractive surface located nearer to the diode, and an upper reflector located further from the diode, the upper reflector being curved in two dimensions and cut horizontally by a top horizontal plane of the lens, and a lower portion, coplanar with the diode, including a lower refractive surface located nearer to the diode, and a lower reflector located further from the diode, the lower reflector being curved in the two dimensions and cut horizontally by a bottom horizontal plane of the lens, wherein the upper and the lower reflector are symmetrical and vertically aligned, and wherein non-collimated light reflected by the lower reflector onto the upper reflector is partially collimated in the two dimensions by the lower reflector and further collimated in the two dimensions by the upper reflector.
1. A lens for placement opposite a diode in an optical touch sensor, comprising:
an upper portion comprising:
an upper refractive surface located nearer to the diode; and
an upper reflector located further from the diode, the upper reflector being curved in two dimensions and cut horizontally by a top horizontal plane of the lens; and
a lower portion, coplanar with the diode, comprising:
a lower refractive surface located nearer to the diode; and
a lower reflector located further from the diode, the lower reflector being curved in the two dimensions and cut horizontally by a bottom horizontal plane of the lens,
wherein said upper and said lower reflector are symmetrical and vertically aligned, and
wherein non-collimated light reflected by said lower reflector onto said upper reflector is partially collimated in the two dimensions by said lower reflector and further collimated in the two dimensions by said upper reflector.
2. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the height of the lens between the top and bottom horizontal planes is less than the height required for a curved reflector intersected by a rear vertical backplane of the lens to partially collimate and further collimate the non-collimated light.
3. The lens of claim 1 , wherein said upper and lower refractive surfaces are not curved.
4. The lens of claim 1 , wherein said lower refractive surface is a single-curved surface and said upper refractive surface is not curved.
5. A method for calculating multiple touch locations on a screen comprising:
activating a plurality of emitters and detectors around the perimeter of a screen, wherein each emitter-detector pair corresponds to a light beam crossing the screen, from among a plurality of such light beams, and wherein some of the light beams are blocked by one or more objects touching the screen;
providing a look-up table listing, for each light beam from the plurality of light beams, other light beams from the plurality of light beams, that intersect that light beam, and their respective points of intersection;
(a) identifying a first blocked light beam;
(b) accessing the look-up table to identify a second blocked light beam that intersects the first blocked beam;
(c) accessing the look-up table to identify intersection points of other blocked light beams that neighbor the intersection point of the thus-identified first and second blocked beams;
(d) repeating operations (b) and (c) until all neighboring intersections points of blocked beams have been identified, and group the thus-identified neighboring intersections as a single touch point; and
(e) repeating operations (a)-(d) for remaining blocked light beams that were not yet grouped at operation (d).
6. A circular touch sensor comprising:
a housing;
a surface mounted in said housing, comprising a circular portion exposed to receive touch input;
a plurality of light detectors mounted in said housing along a semicircular contour corresponding to a half of said circular portion, wherein an angular pitch between neighboring detectors is constant;
a plurality of light emitters mounted in said housing along an opposite semicircular contour corresponding to the opposite portion of said circular portion, and arranged in groups such that an angular pitch between neighboring emitters within each group is θ, and such that an angular pitch between nearest emitters in different groups is θ+a, where a is positive; and
a processor connected to said emitters and to said detectors, for synchronously co-activating emitter-detector pairs, and configured to calculate a two-dimensional location of an object touching said circular portion, based on outputs of said detectors.
7. The circular touch sensor of claim 6 wherein a=θ/2.
8. The circular touch sensor of claim 6 further comprising a lens surrounding said circular portion for directing light from said emitters to said detectors across said circular portion.
9. A circular touch sensor comprising:
a housing;
a surface mounted in said housing comprising a circular portion exposed to receive touch input;
a plurality of light emitters mounted in said housing along a semicircular contour corresponding to half of said circular portion, wherein an angular pitch between neighboring emitters is constant;
a plurality of light detectors mounted in said housing along an opposite semicircular contour corresponding to the opposite half of said circular portion, and arranged in groups such that an angular pitch between neighboring detectors within each group is θ, and such that an angular pitch between nearest detectors in different groups is θ+a, where a is positive; and
a processor connected to said emitters and to said detectors, for synchronously co-activating emitter-detector pairs, and configured to calculate a two-dimensional location of an object touching said circular portion, based on outputs of said detectors.
10. The circular touch sensor of claim 9 wherein a=θ/2.
11. The circular touch sensor of claim 9 further comprising a lens surrounding said circular portion, for directing light from said emitters to said detectors across said circular portion.