Induced pluripotent stem cells with synthetic modified RNAs
Described herein are synthetic, modified RNAs for changing the phenotype of a cell, such as expressing a polypeptide or altering the developmental potential. Accordingly, provided herein are compositions, methods, and kits comprising synthetic, modified RNAs for changing the phenotype of a cell or cells. These methods, compositions, and kits comprising synthetic, modified RNAs can be used either to express a desired protein in a cell or tissue, or to change the differentiated phenotype of a cell to that of another, desired cell type.
1. An isolated, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell comprising a transfection mixture comprising synthetic modified RNAs encoding octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), and Kruppel-like factor 4 (K1f4), wherein each occurrence of a cytosine is replaced with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and each occurrence of a uracil is replaced with pseudouracil; wherein the iPS cell is produced by contacting an isolated human somatic fibroblast cell with the transfection mixture for a time sufficient to obtain the iPS cell.
2. The iPS cell of claim 1 , wherein the somatic fibroblast cell further comprises one or more synthetic modified RNAs encoding NANOG, c-MYC (V-Myc Avian Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog), and LIN28 (Zinc Finger CCHC Domain-Containing Protein 1), wherein each occurrence of a cytosine is replaced with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and each occurrence of a uracil is replaced with pseudouracil.
3. The iPS cell of claim 1 , wherein said cell has a reduced expression of a Type I or Type II IFN (interferon) relative to a cell subjected to at least three consecutive rounds of contacting with an exogenously introduced non-modified synthetic RNA encoding the reprogramming factors.
4. The iPS cell of claim 1 , wherein said cell has a reduced expression of at least one IFN-signature gene relative to a somatic fibroblast cell subjected to at least three consecutive rounds of contacting with an exogenously introduced non-modified synthetic RNA encoding the reprogramming factors, and wherein the IFN-signature gene is selected from the group consisting of IFNα(interferon-α), IFNβ1 (interferon-β1), IFIT (Interferon Induced protein with Tetratricopeptide repeats), OAS1 (2′-5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase-Like), PKR (Protein Kinase RNA-Activated), RIGI (Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 Protein), CCL5 (Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 5), RAP 1A (Ras-Related Protein Rap-1A), CXCL10 (Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10), IFIT1 (Interferon Induced protein with Tetratricopeptide repeats-1), CXCL11 (Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 11), MX1, RP11-167P23.2, HERC5 (HECT and RLD Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 5), GALR3 (Galanin Receptor 3), IFIT3 (Interferon Induced protein with Tetratricopeptide repeats-3), IFIT2 (Interferon Induced protein with Tetratricopeptide repeats-2), RSAD2 (Radical S-Adenosyl Methionine Domain Containing 2), and CDC20 (Cell Division Cycle 20).
5. The iPS cell of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic, modified RNA further comprises a 5′ cap.
6. The iPS cell of claim 5 , wherein the 5′ cap is a 5′ cap analog.
7. The iPS cell of claim 6 , wherein the 5′ cap analog is a 5′ diguanosine cap.
8. The iPS cell of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic, modified RNA does not comprise a 5′ triphosphate.
9. The iPS cell of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic, modified RNAs further comprise a poly(A) tail, a Kozak sequence, a 3′ untranslated region, a 5′ untranslated region, or any combination thereof.
10. The iPS cell of claim 1 , wherein the synthetic, modified RNAs are formulated in a lipid or lipid-based molecule.