Fault-tolerant wind energy conversion system
This disclosure is directed to a fault-tolerant energy conversion system. A fault-tolerant doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for use with a wind energy conversion system (WECS) consistent with the present disclosure may allow for seamless operation during all kinds of grid faults. In one embodiment, a six-switch grid side converter (GSC) commonly used with such systems may be replaced with nine-switch converter circuitry. With three additional switches, the nine-switch converter can provide two independent three phase outputs. For example, one three-phase output may be coupled to the grid through interfacing inductors to realize normal GSC operation, while the other three-phase output may be coupled to neutral side of the stator windings to provide fault ride-through (FRT) capability to the DFIG. A control algorithm may be employed that both achieves seamless fault ride-through during any kind of grid faults and strictly satisfies grid codes requirements.
1. A system, comprising:
a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) comprising a rotor and a stator coupled to an electrical grid, the DFIG configured to generate power for the electrical grid;
rotor-side converter (RSC) circuitry coupled to at least the rotor, the RSC circuitry to control the power generation on the rotor side of the DFIG; and
nine-switch converter circuitry coupled to at least the stator and the electrical grid, the nine-switch converter circuitry to at least maintain a pre-fault voltage across windings in the stator during a grid fault;
wherein the nine-switch converter circuitry provides a first independent three-phase output and a second independent three-phase output, the first independent three-phase output comprising six of the nine switches in the nine-switch converter circuitry, the six switches corresponding to grid-side converter (GSC) circuitry in the DFIG, and the second independent three-phase output comprising six of the nine switches in the nine-switch converter circuitry, the six switches corresponding to neutral-side control (NSC) circuitry coupled to a neutral side of windings in the stator to provide series voltage compensation to the DFIG when a fault occurs in the grid.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the GSC circuitry is coupled to the grid through an interfacing inductor comprising inductors coupled to each of the phases in the first independent three-phase output.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a DC link capacitor coupled in parallel between the RSC circuitry and nine-switch converter.
4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising at least one controller to control operation of the RSC circuitry and the nine-switch controller circuitry.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein during normal operation the at least one controller is to cause the GSC circuitry to regulate a DC link voltage across the DC link capacitor.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein during a fault the at least one controller is to cause the NSC circuitry to generate compensating voltages on the neutral side of the of the stator winding.
7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a dynamic braking resistor coupled across the DC link capacitor.
8. A method, comprising:
monitoring for a fault in an electrical grid coupled to a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) comprising a rotor and a stator; and
after monitoring a fault in the electrical grid:
controlling rotor-side converter (RSC) circuitry coupled to at least the rotor to maintain reactive power in the DFIG; and
controlling nine-switch converter circuitry coupled to the stator and the electrical grid to maintain a pre-fault voltage across windings in the stator;
wherein controlling the RSC circuitry further comprises allocating responsibility to the RSC circuitry for supplying a first portion of an active current requirement and responsibility to grid-side converter (GSC) circuitry in the nine-switch converter circuitry for supplying a second portion of the active current requirement, the nine-switch converter circuitry comprising a first independent three-phase output corresponding to the GSC circuitry coupled to the grid through an interfacing inductor to control normal operation in the DFIG and a second independent three-phase output corresponding to neutral-side converter (NSC) circuitry coupled to a neutral side of windings in the stator to provide series voltage compensation to the DFIG when a fault occurs in the grid; and
wherein controlling the nine-switch converter circuitry further comprises causing the NSC circuitry to generate compensating voltages on the neutral side of the of the stator winding.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein monitoring for a fault comprises:
measuring absolute error between a reference grid voltage magnitude and an actual grid voltage magnitude; and
determining if the absolute error has exceeded a predetermined threshold error.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
engaging a dynamic braking resistor (DBR) coupled across a DC link capacitor coupled in parallel between the RSC circuitry and GSC circuitry to protect the DC link capacitor from overvoltage during a fault.
11. At least one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon, individually or in combination, instructions that when executed by one or more processors result in the following operations comprising:
monitoring for a fault in an electrical grid coupled to a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) comprising a rotor and a stator; and
after monitoring a fault in the electrical grid:
controlling rotor-side converter (RSC) circuitry coupled to at least the rotor to maintain reactive power in the DFIG; and
controlling nine-switch converter circuitry coupled to the stator and the electrical grid to maintain a pre-fault voltage across windings in the stator;
wherein controlling the RSC circuitry further comprises allocating responsibility to the RSC circuitry for supplying a first portion of an active current requirement and responsibility to grid-side converter (GSC) circuitry in the nine-switch converter circuitry for supplying a second portion of the active current requirement, wherein the nine-switch converter circuitry comprises a first independent three-phase output corresponding to the GSC circuitry coupled to the grid through an interfacing inductor to control normal operation in the DFIG and a second independent three-phase output corresponding to neutral-side converter (NSC) circuitry coupled to a neutral side of windings in the stator to provide series voltage compensation to the DFIG when a fault occurs in the grid; and
wherein controlling the nine-switch converter circuitry further comprises causing the NSC circuitry to generate compensating voltages on the neutral side of the of the stator winding.
12. The medium of claim 11 , wherein monitoring for a fault comprises:
measuring absolute error between a reference grid voltage magnitude and an actual grid voltage magnitude; and
determining if the absolute error has exceeded a predetermined threshold error.
13. The medium of claim 11 , further comprising instructions that when executed by one or more processors result in the following operations comprising:
engaging a dynamic braking resistor (DBR) coupled across a DC link capacitor coupled in parallel between the RSC circuitry and GSC circuitry to protect the DC link capacitor from overvoltage during a fault.