Dual function proppants
Proppants for use in fractured or gravel packed/frac packed oil and gas wells are provided with a contaminant removal component to remove one or more of the contaminants found in subterranean water/hydrocarbon from a production well. The water/hydrocarbon cleaning proppant solids may be used as discrete particles in a proppant formulation, as a coating on proppant solids in pores of a porous proppant solid or as part of the proppant's internal structure. The contaminant removal component removes contaminants, especially dissolved contaminants, in the subterranean water or hydrocarbon before the water/hydrocarbon leaves the well. For those contaminant removal components that can be regenerated, such as ion exchange resins, a measured quantity of an acidic regeneration solution can be injected into the fractured stratum for regeneration and recovered when the well resumes production.
1. A method to remove contaminants from a fractured well stratum or well, said method comprising:
introducing into said stratum or said well a formulation that comprises first solid particulates associated with a contaminant removal component in a sufficient quantity to remove at least a portion of the contaminants in fluids in said stratum or well, wherein said contaminant removal component comprises polyurethane coating on said first solid particulates that comprises a contaminant removal chemical or biological agent with a functional affinity for impurities in said stratum, wherein said chemical comprises at least one sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, phenolic, amino acid, glycolamine, polyamine, quaternary amine, or polyhydroxylic compound.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said removal component is a chemical or biological agent.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein said solids are introduced into a gravel pack or a filter sand bed.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formulation further comprises second particulates solids comprising an ion exchange resin, a molecular sieve or activated carbon that is bound to an outer surface of said second particulates with a substantially insoluble coating.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the substantially insoluble coating is a polyurethane coating.
6. A method according to claim 4 wherein said second particulate solids are a natural molecular sieve.
7. A method according to claim 4 wherein said second particulate solids are a synthetic molecular sieve.
8. A method according to claim 4 wherein said second particulate solids are an ion exchange resin.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyurethane coating is present in an amount from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt %.
10. A solids formulation, said solids formulation comprising: a plurality of first particulate solids associated with a contaminant removal component in sufficient quantity to remove at least a portion of contaminants in liquids issuing from a well, wherein said contaminant removal component comprises a polyurethane coating disposed on said first particulate solids, wherein the coating comprises a contaminant removal chemical or biological agent with a functional affinity for impurities, wherein said contaminant removal chemical or biological agent comprises at least one sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, phenolic, amino acid, glycolamine, polyamine, quaternary amine, or polyhydroxylic compound.
11. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises an ion exchange resin.
12. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises a molecular sieve.
13. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises at least one sulfonic acid.
14. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises at least one carboxylic acid.
15. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises at least one phenolic compound.
16. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises at least one amino acid.
17. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises at least one glycolamine.
18. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises at least one polyamine.
19. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises at least one quaternary amine.
20. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component comprises at least one polyhydroxylic compound.
21. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said contaminant removal component removes contaminants by ionic attraction, ionic exchange, sequestration, amalgamation, chelation, physical entrapment, absorption, adsorption, magnetic attraction, biological degradation, or adhesion.
22. A solids formulation according to claim 10 wherein said first particulate solids are proppants.
23. The solids formulation of claim 10 , further comprising second particulate solids comprising an ion exchange resin or a molecular sieve that is bound to an outer surface of said second particulate solids with a substantially insoluble coating.
24. The solids formulation of claim 5 , wherein the substantially insoluble coating is a polyurethane coating.