Methods and systems for modulating hormones and related methods, agents and compositions
Provided herein are bitter taste receptor ligands, related agents, combinations, compositions, methods and systems for modulating release of a metabolic hormone in vitro or in vivo from cells of the GI tract of an individual.
1. A composition comprising a combination of 6-n-propylthiouracil and a complementary molecule, wherein the complementary molecule interferes with systemic absorption and release of 6-n-propylthiouracil upon enteral administration, wherein the complementary molecule is polyethylene glycol, wherein the polyethylene glycol is conjugated to the 6-n-propylthiouracil, and wherein the combination results in prolonged activation of bitter taste receptors in the gut.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein 6-n-propylthiouracil comprises a propyl group, and the complementary molecule is attached to the propyl group.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight (M r ) of at least about 10,000 g/mol.
4. A composition comprising a combination of 6-n-propylthiouracil and a complementary molecule, wherein the complementary molecule interferes with systemic absorption and release of 6-n-propylthiouracil upon enteral administration, wherein the complementary molecule is cellulose, wherein the cellulose is conjugated to the 6-n-propylthiouracil, and wherein the combination results in prolonged activation of bitter taste receptors in the gut.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein 6-n-propylthiouracil comprises a propyl group, and the complementary molecule is attached to the propyl group.