Catalytic conversion of alcohols having at least three carbon atoms to hydrocarbon blendstock
A method for producing a hydrocarbon blendstock, the method comprising contacting at least one saturated acyclic alcohol having at least three and up to ten carbon atoms with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst at a temperature of at least 100° C. and up to 550° C., wherein the metal is a positively-charged metal ion, and the metal-loaded zeolite catalyst is catalytically active for converting the alcohol to the hydrocarbon blendstock, wherein the method directly produces a hydrocarbon blendstock having less than 1 vol % ethylene and at least 35 vol % of hydrocarbon compounds containing at least eight carbon atoms.
1. A method for producing a hydrocarbon blendstock, the method comprising contacting an aqueous solution or aqueous biphasic system of at least one saturated acyclic alcohol having at least three and up to ten carbon atoms with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst comprising vanadium metal ion and ZSM-5 at a temperature of at least 100° C. and up to 550° C. to produce a hydrocarbon blendstock having less than 1 vol % ethylene, at least 35 vol % of hydrocarbon compounds containing at least eight carbon atoms, and no more than 1 vol % benzene, wherein the metal-loaded zeolite does not include lanthanum.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one saturated acyclic alcohol is a straight-chained alcohol.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said straight-chained alcohol is selected from n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, n-nonanol, and n-decanol.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one saturated acyclic alcohol is a branched alcohol.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said branched alcohol is selected from isopropanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, isopentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, neopentyl alcohol, isohexanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, isoheptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 4-heptanol, 6-methylheptanol, and 2-ethylhexanol.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one saturated acyclic alcohol is present in said aqueous solution or biphasic system in a concentration of no more than about 40%.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said concentration is no more than about 20%.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein said concentration is no more than about 10%.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein said aqueous solution is a water saturated solution of the at least one saturated acyclic alcohol.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one saturated acyclic alcohol is a component of a fermentation stream when contacted with said metal-loaded zeolite catalyst.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon blendstock substantially corresponds to a petrochemical fuel.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said petrochemical fuel is selected from gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and jet propellant.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method further comprises distilling said hydrocarbon blendstock to obtain a fraction of said hydrocarbon blendstock.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method directly produces a hydrocarbon blendstock having at least 40 vol % of hydrocarbon compounds containing at least eight carbon atoms.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method directly produces a hydrocarbon blendstock having at least 50 vol % of hydrocarbon compounds containing at least eight carbon atoms.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method also directly produces a hydrocarbon blendstock having less than 8 vol % of hydrocarbon compounds having three carbon atoms.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method also directly produces a hydrocarbon blendstock having less than 5 vol % of hydrocarbon compounds having three carbon atoms.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising treating said hydrocarbon blendstock with a benzene alkylation catalyst, under conditions suitable for alkylating benzene, to reduce the level of benzene in said hydrocarbon fraction.