IR heavy metal oxide glasses
An IR supercontinuum source for generating supercontinuum in the MIR or possibly LWIR spectral bands comprises a supercontinuum fiber formed from a heavy metal oxide host glass having low optical loss and high non-linearity over the spectral band that is stable, strong and chemically durable. The supercontinuum fiber is suitably a depressed inner clad fiber configured to support only single transverse spatial mode propagation of the pump signal and supercontinuum. The source suitably includes a tapered depressed inner clad fiber to couple the pump signal into the supercontinuum fiber. The source may be configured as an “all-fiber” source.
1. An oxide glass composition for transmission of light over an IR spectral band having an upper edge of at least 3.5 microns, comprising:
a network former of 45 to 90 mole percent of an oxide formed from Tellurium (Te), Lead (Pb), Tantalum (Ta), Bismuth (Bi), Gallium (Ga), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), or combinations thereof,
a glass intermediate or modifier of 0.2 to 45 mole percent of an oxide formed from Lanthanum (La), Thallium (Tl), Yttrium (Y), Tantalum (Ta), Bismuth (Bi), Gallium (Ga), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) or Cadmium (Cd) or combinations thereof, and
a non-zero amount of halide less than 0.5 mole percent,
wherein said network former, intermediate or modifier, and any said halide or any other passive glass constituent of at least 0.2 mole percent each have an absorption wavelength corresponding to an energy of the third phonon peak that is approximately at or longer than the upper edge of the IR spectral band, wherein said heavy metal oxide glass is substantially free comprising less than 0.1 mole percent of Hydroxide (OH—), said glass exhibiting an optical loss of less than 2 dB/m from 0.6 microns to 4.5 microns.
2. The oxide glass composition of claim 1 , wherein the absorption wavelengths corresponding to the energy of the third phonon peak for the intermediate or modifier, and any said halide or any other passive glass constituent of at least 0.2 mole percent are longer than the absorption wavelength corresponding to the energy of the third phonon peak for the network former.
3. An oxide glass composition for transmission of light over an IR spectral band having an upper edge of at least 3.5 microns, comprising:
a network former of 45 to 90 mole percent of an oxide formed from Tellurium (Te), Lead (Pb), Tantalum (Ta), Bismuth (Bi), Gallium (Ga), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), or combinations thereof,
a glass intermediate or modifier of 0.2 to 45 mole percent of an oxide formed from Lanthanum (La), Thallium (Tl), Yttrium (Y), Tantalum (Ta), Bismuth (Bi), Gallium (Ga), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) or Cadmium (Cd) or combinations thereof, and
a non-zero amount of halide less than 5 mole percent,
wherein said network former, intermediate or modifier, and any said halide or any other passive glass constituent of at least 0.2 mole percent each have an absorption wavelength corresponding to an energy of the third phonon peak that is approximately at or longer than the upper edge of the IR spectral band, wherein said heavy metal oxide glass is substantially free of Hydroxide (OH—).
4. The oxide glass composition of claim 3 , wherein the absorption wavelengths corresponding to the energy of the third phonon peak for the intermediate or modifier, and any said halide or any other passive glass constituent of at least 0.2 mole percent are longer than the absorption wavelength corresponding to the energy of the third phonon peak for the network former.
5. The oxide glass composition of claim 3 , wherein the glass composition has a non-linearity over the spectral band sufficient for supercontinuum generation.
6. The oxide glass composition of claim 3 , wherein the glass is in the form of an optical fiber.
7. The oxide glass composition of claim 3 , wherein the upper edge is at least 4.5 microns, wherein said network former is Tellurium oxide and the intermediate is Lanthanum oxide.
8. The oxide glass composition of claim 3 , wherein the upper edge is at least 5 microns, wherein said network former is one of Pb/Bi, Pb/Ga, Pb/Ga/Bi, Ta/Ga, K/La/Ga or Te.
9. The oxide glass composition of claim 3 , wherein the upper edge is at least 5.5 microns, wherein said network former is one of Pb/Bi, Pb/Ga, Pb/Ga/Bi or Ta/Ga.
10. The oxide glass composition of claim 3 , wherein the upper edge is at least 6.5 microns, wherein said network former is one of Pb/Bi, Pb/Ga or Pb/Ga/Bi.
11. The oxide glass composition of claim 3 , wherein the upper edge is at least approximately 7 microns, wherein said network former is a combination of lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi) oxide.
12. An oxide glass composition for transmission of light over an IR spectral band having an upper edge of at least 3.5 microns, comprising:
a network former of 45 to 90 mole percent of an oxide formed from Tellurium (Te), Lead (Pb), Tantalum (Ta), Bismuth (Bi), Gallium (Ga), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), or combinations thereof, and
a glass intermediate or modifier of 0.2 to 45 mole percent of an oxide formed from Lanthanum (La), Thallium (Tl), Yttrium (Y), Tantalum (Ta), Bismuth (Bi), Gallium (Ga), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) or Cadmium (Cd) or combinations thereof,
wherein said network former, intermediate or modifier, and any other passive glass constituent present in the glass composition of at least 0.2 mole percent each having an absorption wavelength corresponding to an energy of the third phonon peak that is longer than the upper edge of the IR spectral band, wherein said heavy metal oxide glass is substantially free of Hydroxide (OH—).
13. The oxide glass composition of claim 12 , wherein substantially free is less than 0.1 mole percent OH—.
14. The oxide glass composition of claim 12 , wherein the absorption wavelengths corresponding to the energy of the third phonon peak for the intermediate or modifier, and any said halide or any other passive glass constituent of at least 0.2 mole percent are longer than the absorption wavelength corresponding to the energy of the third phonon peak for the network former.
15. The oxide glass composition of claim 12 , wherein the glass composition exhibits an optical loss of less than 2 dB/m from 0.6 microns to 4.5 microns.
16. The oxide glass composition of claim 12 , wherein the upper edge is at least 4.5 microns, wherein said network former is Tellurium oxide and the intermediate is Lanthanum oxide.
17. The oxide glass composition of claim 12 , wherein the upper edge is at least 5 microns, wherein said network former is one of Pb/Bi, Pb/Ga, Pb/Ga/Bi, Ta/Ga, K/La/Ga or Te.
18. The oxide glass composition of claim 12 , wherein the upper edge is at least 5.5 microns, wherein said network former is one of Pb/Bi, Pb/Ga, Pb/Ga/Bi or Ta/Ga.
19. The oxide glass composition of claim 12 , wherein the upper edge is at least 6.5 microns, wherein said network former is one of Pb/Bi, Pb/Ga or Pb/Ga/Bi.