Power gating in hazard detection systems
Hazard detection systems according to embodiments described herein are operative to provide failsafe safety detection features and user interface features using circuit topology and power budgeting methods that minimize power consumption. The safety detection features can monitor environmental conditions (e.g., smoke, heat, humidity, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, radon, and other noxious gasses) in the vicinity of the hazard detection system associated and alarm occupants when an environmental condition exceeds a predetermined threshold.
1. A hazard detection system, comprising:
a DC power source;
a power bus coupled to the DC power source;
a first group of components that are operable to be power gated ON and OFF, wherein the first group of components comprises a first hazard sensor;
power gating circuitry that selectively couples and de-couples the first group of components to the power bus;
a second group of components that are not operable to be power gated ON and OFF, the second group of components coupled to the power bus, wherein the second group of components comprises a second hazard sensor; and
control circuitry operative to control the power gating circuitry by instructing the power gating circuitry to selectively couple and de-couple at least one component of the first group of components to the power bus.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein, when any one component of the first group of components is de-coupled from the power bus, the at least one de-coupled component draws zero current from the power bus.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second hazard sensor comprises a carbon monoxide sensor.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the carbon monoxide sensor is an electrochemical sensor.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the first hazard sensor comprises a smoke sensor.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first group of components includes a wireless communications module that communicates according to a 802.11 protocol.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first group of components includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of an ultrasonic sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, non-volatile memory, and wireless communications circuitry.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry comprises bifurcated processors, wherein a first processor is operative to control a first set of the power gating circuitry, and a second processor is operative to control a second set of the power gating circuitry.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first and second sets comprise all of the power gating circuitry.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is operative to control the power gating circuitry based on a mode of operation.
11. A battery powered hazard detection system, comprising:
a battery supplied DC power source;
a plurality of power converters coupled to the DC power source, each power converter operative to provide power at a voltage level different than a voltage provided by the DC power source;
a plurality of power busses, each power bus connected to a respective one of the power converters;
a first component coupled to the power bus that is connected to a first one of the power converters, wherein the first power converter is operative to be selectively turned ON and OFF, and wherein the first component receives power when the first power converter is ON;
a first group of components operable to be power gated ON and OFF, wherein each component of the first group of components is independently coupled and de-coupled to the power bus that is connected to a second one of the power converters, and wherein the second power converter is always ON;
a first plurality of power gating circuits, wherein each power gating circuit is coupled between the power bus that is connected to the second power converter and one of the components of the first group of components, and wherein each one of the power gating circuits is operative to selectively couple and de-couple a respective one of the components in the first group of components to the power bus that is connected to the second power converter;
a second group of components that are not operable to be power gated ON and OFF, wherein each component of the second group of components is coupled to the power bus that is connected to the second power converter; and
control circuitry operative to control each one of the power gating circuits to independently selectively couple and de-couple at least one component of the first group of components to the power bus that is connected to the second power converter.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the control circuitry is coupled to the power bus that is connected to a third one of the power converters, and wherein the third power converter is always ON.
13. The system of claim 12 , further comprising:
a second power gating circuit coupled between the first component and the power bus that is connected to the third power converter, wherein the first component is selectively coupled and de-coupled to the power bus that is connected to the third power converter.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the first component is a 802.11 component.
15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the first group of components comprises an ultrasonic sensor, a temperature sensor, and a smoke sensor.
16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the second group of components comprises a carbon monoxide detector.
17. The system of claim 11 , further comprising:
an alarm, wherein the alarm is coupled to the power bus that is connected to a fourth one of the power converters, wherein the fourth power converter is operative to be selectively turned ON and OFF, and wherein the alarm receives power when the fourth power converter is ON.
18. A method for selectively power gating components in a hazard detection system, the system comprising at least one power bus, a first group of components that are operable to be power gated ON and OFF, wherein the first group of components comprises a first hazard sensor, power gating circuitry that selectively couples and de-couples the first group of components to the at least one power bus, a second group of components that are not operable to be power gated ON and OFF, the second group of components coupled to the at least one power bus, wherein the second group of components comprises a second hazard sensor, the method comprising:
selecting one of a plurality of different modes for the hazard detection system;
identifying a first subset of components within the first group of components that require uninterrupted power so that the hazard detection system operates according to the selected mode;
identifying a second subset of components within the first group of components that do not require power in order for the hazard detection system to operate according to the selected mode;
identifying a third subset of components within the first group of components that require intermittent power so that the hazard detection system operates according to the selected mode;
instructing the power gating circuitry to couple the first subset of components to the at least one power bus;
instructing the power gating circuitry to de-couple the second subset of components from the at least one power bus;
instructing the power gating circuitry to selectively couple and de-couple the third subset of components to and from the at least one power bus; and
operating the hazard detection system according to the selected mode.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the selected mode is an idle mode, and wherein the first subset is empty, the second subset includes at least one of the components within the first group, and the third subset includes the first hazard sensor.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the third subset further includes wireless communications circuitry.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the selected mode is a log update mode, and wherein the first subset includes a WiFi module, wherein the second subset includes at least one of the components within the first group, and the third subset includes the first hazard sensor.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the selected mode is an Alarm mode, wherein the first subset includes first wireless communications circuitry, second wireless communications circuitry, non-volatile memory, and an ultrasonic sensor, and the second subset is empty.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the third subset includes the first hazard sensor.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the first subset further includes the first hazard sensor, and wherein the third subset is empty.
25. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first hazard sensor is a smoke detector and the second hazard sensor is a carbon monoxide sensor.