Method and apparatus for distance measuring equipment (DME/normal) using alternative pulse shapes
A method for measuring distance includes transmitting a first pair of RF pulses from an airborne interrogator, where the first pair of RF pulses are temporally separated from each other by a first time interval and each of the RF pulses in the first pair of RF pulses has a first pulse waveform. The method also includes receiving a second pair of RF pulses transmitted by a ground transponder. The RF pulses in the second pair of RF pulses have a second pulse waveform characterized by a filtered asymmetric Gaussian function or a smoothed trapezoidal function. The method further includes determining an elapsed time between transmitting the first pair of RF pulses and receiving the second pair of RF pulses and determining a distance between the airborne interrogator and the ground transponder based on at least the elapsed time.
1. A method for measuring distance, the method comprising:
transmitting a first RF pulse from an airborne interrogator, wherein the first RF pulse has a first pulse waveform;
receiving, at the airborne interrogator, a second RF pulse transmitted by a ground transponder after the ground transponder has received the first RF pulse transmitted from the airborne interrogator,
wherein the second RF pulse has a second pulse waveform characterized by a filtered asymmetric Gaussian function formed by:
generating a single pulse having a first segment connected to a second segment, the first segment having a rise time between 1.5 μs and 3.0 μs and the second segment having a fall time between 2.0 μs and 3.0 μs, wherein the single pulse has a pulse width defined from a start of the first segment to an end of the second segment of between 3.0 μs and 4.0 μs, and
applying a smoothing operation to the single pulse;
determining an elapsed time between transmitting the first RF pulse and receiving the second RF pulse; and
determining a distance between the airborne interrogator and the ground transponder based on at least the elapsed time.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the filtered asymmetric Gaussian function further comprises:
receiving a third RF pulse transmitted from the airborne interrogator, wherein the third RF pulse is characterized by a rising edge and a falling edge;
determining a first standard deviation between the rising edge of the third RF pulse and the first segment of the second RF pulse, wherein the first standard deviation of the rising edge and the first segment is between 0.77 μs and 1.77 μs; and
determining a second standard deviation between the falling edge of the third RF pulse and the second segment of the second RF pulse is between 0.90 μs and 1.78 μs.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the first standard deviation on the rising edge is less than the second standard deviation on the falling edge.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the first standard deviation on the rising edge is between 0.77 μs and 1.0 μs.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first pulse waveform is characterized by the filtered asymmetric Gaussian function.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the second RF pulse has a power of more than 800 Watts.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein a time interval between the first RF pulse and the second RF pulse is substantially equal to subsequent time intervals between RF pulses.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the smoothing operation is performed by a moving average filter, a spline filter, or a zero phase forward and backward digital filter.
9. A method for measuring distance, the method comprising:
transmitting a first RF pulse from an airborne interrogator, wherein the first RF pulse has a first pulse waveform;
receiving, at the airborne interrogator, a second RF pulse transmitted by a ground transponder after the ground transponder has received the first RF pulse transmitted by the airborne interrogator,
wherein the second RF pulse has a second pulse waveform characterized by a smoothed trapezoidal function formed by:
generating a single pulse having a first segment connected to a second flat segment connected to a third segment, the first segment having a first positive slope, and the third segment having a second negative slope, wherein the first positive slope is steeper than the second negative slope, and
applying a smoothing operation to the single pulse;
determining an elapsed time between transmitting the first RF pulse and receiving the second RF pulse; and
determining a distance between the airborne interrogator and the ground transponder based on at least the elapsed time.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the first segment having a rise time between 1.5 μs and 3.0 μs, the third segment having a fall time between 2.0 μs and 3.0 μs, and the single pulse has a pulse width defined from a start of the first segment to an end of the third segment of between 3.0 μs and 4.0 μs.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the first positive slope is greater than 0.7 μs −1 .
12. The method of claim 9 wherein the second RF pulse has a power of more than 800 Watts.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein the smoothing operation is performed by a moving average filter, a spline filter, or a zero phase forward and backward digital filter.
14. A system for distance measuring comprising:
an airborne interrogator operable to transmit a first RF pulse having a first pulse waveform; and
a ground transponder operable to
receive the first RF pulse transmitted by the airborne interrogator,
generate a second RF pulse after receiving the first RF pulse, wherein the second RF pulse has a second pulse waveform characterized by a filtered asymmetric Gaussian function formed by:
generating a single pulse having a first segment connected to a second segment, the first segment having a rise time between 1.5 μs and 3.0 μs and the second segment having a fall time between 2.0 μs and 3.0 μs, wherein the single pulse has a pulse width defined from a start of the first segment to an end of the second segment of between 3.0 μs and 4.0 μs, and
applying a smoothing operation to the single pulse to generate the second RF pulse, and
transmitting the second RF pulse to the airborne interrogator;
wherein the airborne interrogator is further operable to receive the second RF pulse transmitted by the ground transponder, whereby a distance between the airborne interrogator and the ground transponder is determined based on at least an elapsed time between transmitting the first RF pulse and receiving the second RF pulse.
15. The system of claim 14 wherein the filtered asymmetric Gaussian function further comprises:
receiving a third RF pulse transmitted from the airborne interrogator, wherein the third RF pulse is characterized by a rising edge and a falling edge;
determining a first standard deviation between the rising edge of the third RF pulse and the first segment of the second RF pulse, wherein the first standard deviation of the rising edge and the first segment is between 0.77 μs and 1.77 μs; and
determining a second standard deviation between the falling edge of the third RF pulse and the second segment of the second RF pulse is between 0.90 μs and 1.78 μs.
16. The system of claim 14 wherein the airborne interrogator measures a slant range by the elapsed time between transmitting the first RF pulse and receiving the second RF pulse.
17. The system of claim 14 wherein the first RF pulse is transmitted at a power of more than 800 Watts.
18. The system of claim 14 further comprising:
receiving a third RF pulse transmitted by the ground transponder; and
determining a standard deviation of one or more segments from the second RF pulse and third RF pulse.