Broad-spectrum antivirals against 3C or 3C-like proteases of picornavirus-like supercluster: picornaviruses, caliciviruses and coronaviruses
Antiviral protease inhibitors, including peptidyl aldehydes, peptidyl α-ketoamides, peptidyl bisulfate salts, and peptidyl heterocycles, are disclosed, along with related antiviral compounds, and methods of using the same to treat or prevent viral infection and disease. The compounds possess broad-spectrum activity against viruses that belong to the picornavirus-like supercluster, which include important human and animal pathogens including noroviruses, enteroviruses, poliovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, hepatitis A virus, human rhinovirus (cause of common cold), human coronavirus (another cause of common cold), transmissible gastroenteritis virus, murine hepatitis virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
1. An antiviral compound selected from the group consisting of formulas II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof:
wherein the phenyl ring in the Cbz cap of any one of formulas II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII can be substituted or unsubstituted.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound inhibits viral replication of one or more viruses selected from the group consisting of caliciviruses, picornaviruses, and/or coronaviruses.
3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein said compound inhibits 3C or 3C-like protease activity of said virus.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound has broad spectrum activity effective against multiple viruses.
5. A broad spectrum antiviral composition comprising a first antiviral compound according to claim 1 dispersed in a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein said carrier is selected from the group consisting of sterile isotonic aqueous buffer, normal saline, phosphate buffered saline, DMSO, sterile water, oil-in-water emulsion, water-in-oil emulsion, and mixtures thereof.
7. The composition of claim 5 , said composition comprising from about 5% to about 95% by weight of said antiviral compound, based upon the total weight of said composition taken as 100% by weight.
8. The composition of claim 5 , further comprising a second antiviral compound, both of said compounds being dispersed in said pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein said second compound is an antiviral compound according to claim 1 , said first compound being different from said second compound.
10. A kit comprising: an antiviral compound according to claim 1 ; and instructions for administering said compound to a subject in need thereof.
11. The kit of claim 10 , wherein said compound is provided in unit dosage form.
12. The kit of claim 10 , wherein said compound is provided in a first container, said kit further comprising a carrier in a second container; and instructions for preparing said antiviral compound for administration to said subject.
13. A method of treating a viral infection from one or more viruses selected from the group consisting of caliciviruses, picornaviruses, and/or coronaviruses in a subject, said method comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically-effective amount of a first antiviral compound according to claim 1 .
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said compound has a therapeutic index of greater than about 500:1.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising administering a second antiviral compound to said subject.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said second compound is an antiviral compound according to claim 1 , said first compound being different from said second compound.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein said first and second compounds are co-administered.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein said virus is selected from the group consisting of Norwalk virus, feline calicivirus, MD145, murine norovirus, vesicular exanthema of swine virus, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, enterovirus 71, poliovirus, coxsackievirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, hepatitis A, porcine teschovirus, rhinovirus, human coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, murine hepatitis virus, bovine coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein said subject is suffering from a viral infection from a calicivirus, picornavirus, and/or coronavirus prior to said administering.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein said treatment comprises prophylactic administration.