Production of graphenic carbon particles utilizing hydrocarbon precursor materials
A method is disclosed for making graphenic carbon particles. The method includes introducing a hydrocarbon precursor material into a thermal zone ( 20 ), heating the hydrocarbon precursor material in the thermal zone to form the graphenic carbon particles from the hydrocarbon precursor material, and collecting the graphenic carbon particles. The hydrocarbon precursor material may comprise a hydrocarbon and/or methane capable of forming a two-carbon-fragment species. Apparatus ( 20 ) for performing such a method, and graphenic particles produced by the method, are also disclosed.
1. A method for making graphenic carbon particles comprising:
introducing a hydrocarbon precursor material capable of forming a two-carbon-fragment species or a hydrocarbon precursor material comprising methane into a thermal zone;
heating the hydrocarbon precursor material in the thermal zone to a temperature greater than 3,500° C. to form the graphenic carbon particles from the hydrocarbon precursor material; and
collecting the graphenic carbon particles, wherein the graphenic carbon particles have an average aspect ratio of greater than 3:1, and a B.E.T. specific surface area of at least 50 square meters per gram.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon precursor material comprises n-propanol, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, vinyl chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, allyl alcohol, propionaldehyde or vinyl bromide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon precursor material comprises n-propanol.
4. The method of claim 1 , where the hydrocarbon precursor material comprises methane.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal zone is in a substantially inert atmosphere.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal zone comprises a plasma.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising introducing an inert gas into the plasma.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the inert gas and hydrocarbon precursor material are introduced into the plasma together.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the inert gas is introduced into the plasma separately from the hydrocarbon precursor.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the inert gas comprises argon, hydrogen, helium or nitrogen.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have an average of 30 or less carbon atom layers.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have a thickness of less than 10 nm.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collected graphenic particles have a weight that is at least 10 percent of the weight of the hydrocarbon precursor material.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have a B.E.T. specific surface area of from 70 to 1,000 square meters per gram.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have a Raman spectroscopy 2D/G peak ratio of at least 1.1.