Optical security component having a reflective effect, manufacture of said component, and secured document provided with such a component

1. An optical security component observable in a spectral band between 380 and 780 urn and in direct reflection mode, comprising:

a layer of dielectric material, transparent in said observation spectral band; and

a continuous metallic layer forming, with said layer of dielectric material, a metal-dielectric interface, wherein:

said continuous metallic layer has a sufficient thickness to allow the reflection of the incident light on said interface in the observation spectral band with a maximum residual transmission as a function of the wavelength of 2%; and

said continuous metallic layer is structured to form, in a first coupling area, two sets of undulations, having a sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal profile, extending in two first directions and forming a first two-dimensional grating, of subwavelength periods in each of the first directions,

wherein a depth of the two-dimensional grating is constant and is between 10% and 50% of said periods, and

wherein the periods in each first direction are determined for optimizing the coupling of an incident wave having at least a first wavelength comprised in said spectral band with a plasmonic mode that is propagated on the metal-dielectric interface,

wherein said first coupling area exhibits a color effect when the component is observed in reflection with the naked eye.

2. The optical security component as claimed in claim 1 , in which said two first directions are at right angles to one another.

3. The optical security component as claimed in claim 2 , in which the periods in each first direction are different.

4. The optical security component as claimed in claim 2 , in which the periods in each first direction are identical.

5. The optical security component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said continuous metallic layer is structured to form, in a second coupling area distinct from the first coupling area, two sets of undulations, having a sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal profile, extending in two second directions and forming a second two-dimensional grating of subwavelength periods in each of the second directions.

6. The optical security component as claimed in claim 5 , in which said first and second coupling areas form complementary patterns.

7. The optical security component as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the period in one first direction of the first two-dimensional grating is identical to the period in one second direction of the second two-dimensional grating.

8. The optical security component as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the periods in the first and the second first directions of the first two-dimensional grating are identical and the period in one second direction of the second two-dimensional grating is identical to said period of the first grating.

9. The optical security component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the metallic layer is formed of aluminum and has a thickness greater than 30 nm.

10. The optical security component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metallic layer comprises at least two parts each formed of a different metal.

11. The optical security component as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a cover layer in contact with said metallic layer on a face opposite said metal-dielectric interface.

12. An optical security element for securing a document or an object and comprising at least one optical security component as claimed in claim 1 .

13. The optical security element as claimed in claim 12 , further comprising one or more non-metalized areas.

14. A secured document or product comprising a substrate and an optical security element as claimed in claim 12 , fixed onto said substrate.

15. A method for fabricating an optical security component observable in a spectral band between 380 and 780 nm and in direct reflection mode, said method comprising:

providing a layer of dielectric material, transparent in said observation spectral band, and the structuring of said layer of dielectric material to form, in a first coupling area, two sets of undulations, having a sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal profile, extending in two directions and forming a first two-dimensional grating, of subwavelength periods in each of the directions,

wherein a depth of the two-dimensional grating is constant and between 10% and 50% of said periods,

wherein said first coupling area exhibits a color effect when the component is observed in reflection with the naked eye, and

depositing a continuous metallic layer on said layer of dielectric material to form, with said layer of dielectric material, a structured metal-dielectric interface, said metallic layer having a sufficient thickness to allow the reflection of the incident light on said interface in the observation spectral band with a maximum residual transmission as a function of the wavelength of 2%,

wherein the periods in each direction are determined for optimizing the coupling of an incident wave having at least a first wavelength comprised in said spectral band with a plasmonic mode that is propagated on the metal-dielectric interface.

16. The method as claimed in claim 15 , wherein said metallic layer is covered on a face opposite said structured metal-dielectric interface by a cover layer.