Process for the conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol
Carbon monoxide conversion processes are described for the conversion of carbon monoxide via hydrogenation to methanol. The process utilizes initial carbon monoxide priming before introduction of 3:1 hydrogen/carbon dioxide mixture to the reactor. After the optimum reaction conditions are established the feed of carbon monoxide may be withdrawn and any required carbon monoxide provided via reactor effluent recycle. The process provides for enhanced catalyst performance and life.
1. A process for the conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol via hydrogenation, which process comprises:
a) introducing non-recycle carbon monoxide into an initial reactor feed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen for a period of time sufficient to initiate the hydrogenation reaction in a reactor comprising an activated catalyst, to produce reactor effluent comprising non-converted reactants and methanol;
b) processing the reactor effluent to separate non-converted reactants from the methanol;
c) recycling the non-converted reactants back into the reactor;
d) terminating the introduction of non-recycle carbon monoxide to the reactor feed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen once recycling of the non-converted reactants has commenced according to step (c); and
e) continuing to perform steps (b) and (c) during the hydrogentation process to produce methanol.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the non-converted reactants comprises one or more of carbon dioxide, hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the recycle comprises a combination of non-reacted carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen as a mixture.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the recycled reactants are recycled as individual feeds to the corresponding feed to the reactor.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the recycled reactants are recycled as binary mixtures with or without supplemental introduction of fresh feed of each component of the mixture.
6. A process as claimed claim 1 , wherein the carbon monoxide is introduced at the level for optimum methanol production.
7. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the process conditions are selected to provide the required level of carbon monoxide in the recycle to achieve carbon monoxide equilibrium without the need for continued introduction of fresh non reactor carbon monoxide to the reactor.
8. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide feed is provided from recovery of carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide source such as the atmosphere, the oceans and/or the effluent streams of industrial processes.
9. A process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the feed is provided via a two stage process comprising caustic scrubbing of carbon dioxide form the carbon dioxide source followed by electrolysis of the caustic/sodium carbonate mixture to release carbon dioxide.
10. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken at 400° C. or less.
11. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken at a pressure of 20 MPa (200 atm) or less.
12. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen and carbon dioxide is introduced to the reactor in a 3:1 molar ratio.
13. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises Cu and ZnO on alumina.
14. A process as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hydrogenation reaction temperature is between 150 and 300° C. 300° C.
15. A process as claimed in claim 11 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken at a pressure within the range of 5 to 20 MPa (50 to 200 atm).
16. A process as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hydrogenation reaction temperature is between 200 and 300°.
17. A process as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hydrogenation reaction temperature is between 210 to 270° C.
18. A process as claimed in claim 11 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken at a pressure within the range of 5 to 15 MPa (50 to 150 atm).
19. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken at 350° C. or less.
20. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken at 300° C. or less.
21. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken a pressure of 15 MPa (150 atm) or less.
22. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken a pressure of 10 MPa (100 atm) or less.
23. A process as claimed in claim 11 wherein the hydrogenation reaction is undertaken at a pressure of 5 MPa (50 atm).