Silica microcapsules, process of making the same and uses thereof
The present document describes a microcapsule having silica shells, processes for making the same, processes for functionalizing said microcapsules and processes for encapsulating active agent in said microcapsules.
1. A microcapsule comprising:
a silica shell having a thickness of from about 50 nm to about 500 μm, and a plurality of pores,
said shell forming a capsule having a diameter from about 0.2 μm to about 1500 μm, and having a density of about 0.001 g/cm 3 to about 1.0 g/cm 3 ,
wherein said shell comprises from about 0% to about 70% Q3 configuration, and from about 30% to about 100% Q4 configuration, or
wherein said shell comprises from about 0% to about 60% T2 configuration and from about 40% to about 100% T3 configuration, or
wherein said shell comprises a combination of T and Q configurations thereof, and
wherein an exterior surface of said microcapsule is covered by a functional group.
2. The microcapsule of claim 1 , wherein said shell comprises about 40% Q3 configuration and about 60% Q4 configuration, or about 100% Q4 configuration.
3. The microcapsule of claim 1 , wherein said pores have pore diameters from about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm.
4. The microcapsule of claim 1 , further comprising a surface layer.
5. The microcapsule of claim 4 , wherein said surface layer comprises a thickness from about 1 nm to about 10 nm.
6. The microcapsule of claim 4 , wherein said surface layer is functionalized with an organosilane.
7. The microcapsule of claim 6 , wherein said organosilane is chosen from a functional trimethoxysilane, a functional triethoxysilane, a functional tripropoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxy silane, a vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, a bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane, a methyltriethoxysilane, a n-octyltriethoxysilane, and a phenyltrimethoxysilane and combinations thereof.
8. The microcapsule of claim 4 , wherein said surface layer is functionalized with a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a benzylamino group, a chloropropyl group, a disulfide group, an epoxy group, a mercapto group, a methacrylate group, a vinyl group, and combinations thereof.
9. The microcapsule of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive layer surrounding said exterior surface of said capsule.
10. The microcapsule of claim 9 , wherein said conductive layer is a metallic layer, or a conductive polymer layer.
11. The microcapsule of claim 10 , wherein said metallic layer is a layer of silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or combinations thereof.
12. The microcapsule of claim 10 , wherein said conductive polymer layer is a layer of polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyanilines or combinations thereof.
13. The microcapsule of claim 5 , further comprising an active agent.
14. The microcapsule of claim 13 , wherein said active agent is chosen from a catalyst for monomers polymerization, a polymer stabilizer chemical, a fire retardant chemical, a colorant, a pharmaceutically active drug, an enzyme, a cosmetic oil, a fragrance, a perfume, a food additives, an humidifier, an explosive, a phase change material (PCM), an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide and combinations thereof, and
wherein said polymer stabilizer chemical is chosen from butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, an organophosphate, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, trisnonylphenyl phosphite, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, benzotriazoles, benzophenones and combinations thereof, and
wherein said fire retardant chemical is chosen from tetrabromobisphenol-A, decabromodiphenylethane, dibromoneopentylglycol, or combinations thereof, and
wherein said colorant is chosen from carbon black, molybdate orange, chrome oxide green, anthanthrone, anthraquinone, benzimidazole, and quinacridone.
15. The microcapsule of claim 13 , wherein said active agent is crosslinked to said surface layer, to said exterior surface, or both.
16. The microcapsule of claim 13 , wherein said active agent is encapsulated in said microcapsule.
17. The microcapsule of claim 1 , having the NMR spectrum as shown in FIG. 1 .
18. A process for the post-functionalization in solution of a microcapsule according to claim 1 comprising step a):
a) dispersion, under inert atmosphere, of the dried silica microcapsules in a dried organic solvent in the presence of one or more organo-reactive silanes and an organic acid or an organic base for a time sufficient and at a temperature sufficient obtain a functionalized microcapsule in a liquid dispersion.
19. The process of claim 18 , further comprising step b) after step a):
b) separating said functionalized microcapsule from said liquid dispersion.
20. The process of claim 19 , further comprising step c) after step b):
c) drying said functionalized microcapsule to obtain a dried functionalized microcapsule.