Engine intake apparatus and method

1. An intake apparatus for an engine comprising:

an injector in fluid communication with the intake apparatus configured to inject fuel into a flow stream of intake gas through the apparatus; and

a heater configured to heat gas passing through the apparatus,

wherein the injector injects fuel into the flow stream of intake gas both at starting and during normal operation such that (i) when intake gas flows through a primary intake path of the apparatus at a first flow rate, injected fuel from the injector impinges on the heater and (ii) when intake gas flows through the primary intake path of the apparatus at a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate, a trajectory of injected fuel from the injector in the flow stream is modified in response to contact with the flow stream of intake gas to be deflected by intake gas such that substantially no fuel impinges on the heater,

wherein the injector is operable to inject fuel into the flow stream of intake gas through an intake conduit of the apparatus against a flow direction of the flow stream of the intake gas with sufficient injection force to cause the injected fuel to travel upstream of the injection nozzle when the flow stream of intake gas is at the first flow rate.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heater is directly in a flowpath of intake gas that actively transports the intake gas along a longitudinally extending axis provided by an intake conduit, wherein the injector resides at an angle and is configured to inject the fuel toward the longitudinally extending axis whereby the intake gas carries the fuel through the apparatus when the engine is being started.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the heater is in the intake conduit.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a controller operable to activate the heater and provide a flow of intake gas through the apparatus when it is required to start the engine, wherein as the engine is started, the flow of intake gas flows at the first flow rate whereby fuel injected by the injector impinges on the heater.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the controller is further operable to switch off the heater after the engine has been started and while the injector continues to inject fuel and with the intake gas in the primary intake path at the second flow rate or greater.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the controller is operable to switch off the heater when the engine has been started and at least one further condition is met, wherein the at least one further condition being that the engine has been running for a prescribed period of time following starting and/or the engine has achieved a prescribed operating temperature while the injector continues to inject fuel and with the intake gas through the primary intake path at the second flow rate or greater.

7. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the injector is operable to inject fuel into the flowstream of intake gas through an intake conduit, and wherein the controller is operable to provide a flow of auxiliary intake gas through an auxiliary intake passage coupled to the intake gas conduit when it is required to start the engine.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the controller is operable to reduce or substantially terminate flow of intake gas through the auxiliary intake passage when the engine has been started.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the injector is operable to inject fuel into the intake conduit in a direction having at least a component directed substantially wholly downstream of a direction of flow of the flow stream of intake gas, and wherein the heater resides in a fixed position inside a pocket of the intake conduit outside a primary flow path of the flow stream.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an angle defined by a centerline of the injector and a centerline of the intake conduit is about 30 degrees.

11. An intake apparatus for an engine comprising:

an injector in fluid communication with the intake apparatus configured to inject fuel into a flow stream of intake gas through the apparatus; and

a heater configured to heat gas passing through the apparatus,

wherein the injector injects fuel into the flow stream of intake gas both at starting and during normal operation such that (i) when intake gas flows through a primary intake path of the apparatus at a first flow rate, injected fuel from the injector impinges on the heater and (ii) when intake gas flows through the primary intake path of the apparatus at a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate, a trajectory of injected fuel from the injector in the flow stream is modified in response to contact with the flow stream of intake gas to be deflected by intake gas such that substantially no fuel impinges on the heater,

wherein the injector is operable to inject fuel into the intake conduit of the apparatus in an upstream direction towards the heater and against a flow direction of the flow stream of the intake gas, and wherein the heater resides a distance upstream of the injector.

12. An intake apparatus for an engine comprising:

an injector in fluid communication with the intake apparatus configured to inject fuel into a flow stream of intake gas through the apparatus; and

a heater configured to heat gas passing through the apparatus,

wherein the injector injects fuel into the flow stream of intake gas both at starting and during normal operation such that (i) when intake gas flows through a primary intake path of the apparatus at a first flow rate, injected fuel from the injector impinges on the heater and (ii) when intake gas flows through the primary intake path of the apparatus at a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate, a trajectory of injected fuel from the injector in the flow stream is modified in response to contact with the flow stream of intake gas to be deflected by intake gas such that substantially no fuel impinges on the heater,

wherein the injector is operable to inject fuel into the intake conduit in a direction against a flow direction of the intake gas through the intake conduit and not directly towards the heater.

13. An intake apparatus for an engine comprising:

an injector in fluid communication with the intake apparatus configured to inject fuel into a flow stream of intake gas through the apparatus; and

a heater configured to heat gas passing through the apparatus,

wherein the injector injects fuel into the flow stream of intake gas both at starting and during normal operation such that (i) when intake gas flows through a primary intake path of the apparatus at a first flow rate, injected fuel from the injector impinges on the heater and (ii) when intake gas flows through the primary intake path of the apparatus at a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate, a trajectory of injected fuel from the injector in the flow stream is modified in response to contact with the flow stream of intake gas to be deflected by intake gas such that substantially no fuel impinges on the heater,

wherein the heater is in an auxiliary intake passage coupled to the intake conduit, the apparatus being operable to provide a flow of intake gas through the auxiliary intake passage to the intake conduit, and wherein the auxiliary intake passage is orthogonal to the intake conduit.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the auxiliary intake passage is provided with a valve operable to control a flow rate of intake gas through the auxiliary intake passage.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the intake gas that flows through the auxiliary intake passage comprises gas from the intake conduit.

16. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the intake gas that flows through the auxiliary intake passage comprises gas drawn from an intake gas supply not being gas from the intake conduit.

17. An intake apparatus for an engine comprising:

an injector in fluid communication with the intake apparatus configured to inject fuel into a flow stream of intake gas through the apparatus; and

a heater configured to heat gas passing through the apparatus,

wherein the injector injects fuel into the flow stream of intake gas both at starting and during normal operation such that (i) when intake gas flows through a primary intake path of the apparatus at a first flow rate, injected fuel from the injector impinges on the heater and (ii) when intake gas flows through the primary intake path of the apparatus at a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate, a trajectory of injected fuel from the injector in the flow stream is modified in response to contact with the flow stream of intake gas to be deflected by intake gas such that substantially no fuel impinges on the heater,

wherein the injector is operable to inject fuel into the intake conduit in a direction having at least a component directed substantially upstream of a direction of flow of the flow stream of intake gas a distance upstream of the injector, and wherein the heater is upstream of the injector.

18. A method of delivering a fuel and intake gas to an engine comprising:

injecting fuel into a flow stream of intake gas through an engine intake apparatus using an injector;

heating intake gas passing through the apparatus using a heater, wherein the heater is located upstream of the injector,

wherein, at start-up and during normal operation, the injecting fuel into the flow stream of intake gas is carried out using the injector so that (i) when the intake gas is flowing at a first flow rate, the injected fuel from the injector is in a direction toward the heater and impinges on the heater and (ii) when the intake gas is flowing at a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate, the injected fuel from the injector is deflected directly by contact with the flow stream of intake gas whereby the injected fuel is forced to travel in a direction away from the heater and whereby substantially no fuel impinges on the heater,

wherein the injecting fuel comprises increasing a flow rate of intake gas from the first flow rate to the second flow rate after starting the engine, and

wherein the injecting fuel is carried out both at start-up and during normal operation to inject fuel from the injector in an upstream direction toward the heater.

19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising turning the heater off when the engine has been running for a prescribed period of time following starting and/or the engine has achieved a prescribed operating temperature while continuing to inject fuel using the injector and with the intake gas at the second flow rate or greater.

20. An intake apparatus for an engine comprising:

an injector configured to inject fuel into a flow stream of intake air past the injector through an intake conduit of the apparatus, wherein the injector injects the fuel in an upstream direction against a direction of the flow stream of the intake air with sufficient injection force to cause the injected fuel to travel upstream of the injector; and

a heater configured to heat intake air passing through the apparatus, wherein the heater is upstream of the injector,

wherein the apparatus being operable to inject fuel into the flow stream of intake air past the injector so that (i) when intake air flows past the injector through the intake conduit of the apparatus at a flow rate less than or equal to a first flow rate, injected fuel from the injector impinges on the heater and (ii) when intake air flows past the injector through the intake conduit of the apparatus at a flow rate greater than or equal to a second flow rate greater than the first flow rate, a trajectory of injected fuel from the injector is modified in response to contact with the flow stream of intake air to be deflected by the intake air such that substantially no fuel impinges on the heater.

21. The intake apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising a controller in communication with the heater, wherein the controller is configured to turn the heater off when the engine has been running for a prescribed period of time following starting and/or the engine has achieved a prescribed operating temperature while the injector is configured to continue to inject fuel into the intake conduit and into the intake air with the intake air at the second flow rate or greater.