Planar lightwave circuit and a method for its manufacture
A planar lightwave circuit (PLC) is disclosed having fixed thereto a coupling tube for coupling an optical fiber. The PLC comprises a planar optical substrate having in it an optical waveguide having an optical aperture located on an edge surface of the optical substrate and a tube formed having a lumen dimensioned to receive an optical fiber ferrule and an edge surface fixed to the substrate edge surface so that a cross section of the lumen at the edge surface is aligned with the optical aperture.
1. A planar lightwave circuit (PLC) comprising:
a planar optical substrate having an edge surface and comprising an optical waveguide having an optical aperture located on the edge surface; and
a tube formed having a lumen dimensioned to receive an optical fiber ferrule, and an edge surface fixed to the substrate edge surface so that a cross section of the lumen at the edge surface of the tube is aligned with the optical aperture.
2. The PLC of claim 1 , wherein the edge surface of the tube has a roughness characterized by an index of roughness between 5 μm and 15 μm.
3. The PLC of claim 2 , wherein the index of roughness is about 10 μm.
4. The PLC of claim 1 , wherein the tube is fixed to the edge surface of the planar optical substrate by an adhesive having a viscosity at the time of application that is matched to a roughness of the edge surface of the tube.
5. The PLC of claim 2 , wherein the matching viscosity is between 200-300mPa·s.
6. The PLC of claim 1 , wherein the tube is fixed to the edge surface of the planar optical substrate by an adhesive such that at least a portion of the edge surface of the planar optical substrate within the cross section of the tube's lumen and adjacent the optical aperture is essentially devoid of the adhesive.
7. The PLC of claim 6 , wherein the edge surface of the planar optical substrate within the cross section of the tube's lumen and adjacent the optical aperture is essentially devoid of the adhesive.
8. The PLC of claim 1 and comprising a support substrate attached to the planar optical substrate such that an edge surface of the support substrate forms an extension of the edge surface of the planar optical substrate.
9. The PLC of claim 8 , wherein the tube is fixed to the edge surface of the support substrate.
10. A method for coupling an optical connector to a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) comprising an optical substrate having an edge surface and an optical aperture thereon, the method comprising:
providing a tube formed having a lumen dimensioned to receive an optical fiber ferrule;
positioning the tube and the planar optical substrate respective each other at an aligned position wherein an edge surface of the tube is facing the edge surface of the planar optical substrate such that a cross section of the lumen at the edge surface of the tube is aligned with the optical aperture; and
fixing the tube to the edge surface at the aligned position.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein providing a planar optical substrate includes attaching a support substrate to the planar optical substrate such that an edge surface of the support substrate forms an extension of the edge surface of the planar optical substrate.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein fixing the tube to the edge surface of the planar optical substrate at the aligned position comprises applying an adhesive to an interface zone between the tube and the edge surface of the planar optical substrate, wherein the adhesive has a viscosity that is matched to the roughness of the edge surface of the tube at the interface zone such that when the adhesive is applied to the interface zone the adhesive is drawn into the interface zone.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the adhesive has a viscosity between 200-300 mPa·s when applied.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein positioning the tube and the planar optical substrate respective each other at an aligned position comprises:
positioning an optical fiber having an optical fiber ferrule in the lumen of the tube;
placing the tube and planar optical substrate at one or more positions respective each other wherein a tip of the ferrule is aligned with the optical aperture in the edge surface of the planar optical substrate; and
directing light through one end of the optical fiber and waveguide to the other end and measuring a property of light transfer to the other end for each of the one or more positions.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein positioning the tube and the planar optical substrate respective each other at an aligned position comprises selecting a position among the plurality of positions according to the measured property of light transfer.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the selected position is a position measured to have the measured property of light transfer greater than a predefined value.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the property of light transfer is power intensity and the selected position is a position measured to have a power intensity greater than each of at least 75% of the positions at which the property of light transfer is measured.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein positioning the tube and planar optical substrate respective each other in a plurality of positions comprises moving them respective each other in accordance with an algorithm designed to select a position measured to have a greater optical intensity than each of a plurality of measured positions.
19. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said planar optical substrate measures between 0.5 mm and 2 mm in at least one cross section perpendicular to the planar surface of the planar optical substrate.
20. The method according to claim 10 , wherein after fixing the tube to the edge surface at the aligned position the PLC is configured to allow at least one of easy attachment and easy detachment of an optical fiber to the waveguide via the tube.