Methods for determining aggressiveness of a cancer and treatment thereof

1. A method for determining aggressiveness of a cancer, the method comprising:

conducting an assay on a lipid droplet in order to detect an amount of a biomarker within the lipid droplet; and

determining aggressiveness of a cancer based upon the amount of the biomarker within the lipid droplet.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biomarker is cholesteryl ester.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the assay is carried out using a vibration-based spectroscopic imaging apparatus.

4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the assay detects characteristic bands for a cholesterol ring at 428 cm −1 , 538 cm −1 , 614 cm −1 , and 702 cm −1 , an ester bond at 1742 cm −1 , an overtone vibration CH 2 deformation at 1448 cm −1 , and a cholesterol-specific C—H stretch vibration at 2860 cm −1 .

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the assay is an in vitro assay that is conducted on one or more intact cells.

6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the apparatus comprises:

a light source;

a hollow body coupled to the light source such that light is transmitted through the hollow body; and

a detector;

wherein the apparatus is configured such that light from the light source is directed onto a tissue and the detector is coupled to the apparatus such that it can detect a spectroscopic signal generated from tissue that has been excited by the light source.

7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the apparatus further comprises an optical diffuser coupled to the body and positioned to diffuse the light from the light source prior to the light impinging on the tissue.

8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the light source is configured to output a signal that can non-invasively and selectively cause overtone excitation of molecules based on a predetermined chemical bond.

9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the light source is a laser comprising a barium nitrate amplifier and is configured to output a signal at 1197 nm.

10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the detector is an ultrasound transducer.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the assay is carried out using a multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy device.

12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein prior to the conducting step, the method further comprises obtaining a sample from a patient suspected to have a cancer.

13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein prior to the conducting step, the method further comprises enriching for lipid droplets from the sample.

14. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising providing a course of treatment to the patient based on results of the determining step.

15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the course of treatment comprises administering an agent that blocks storage of the biomarker within the lipid droplet.

16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of: fatty acid synthase inhibitors, cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reducing compounds, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

17. A method of treating a cancer, the method comprising: administering an agent that blocks storage of cholesteryl ester in a lipid droplet.

18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of: fatty acid synthase inhibitors, cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reducing compounds, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the agent is formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the agent is provided as a unitary dose.