Production of high grade nickel product
A process for the production of a high grade nickel product including the steps of: a) providing at least one heap of a nickeliferous lateritic ore and leaching that heap with a suitable lixiviant, preferably sulfuric acid solution, to produce a nickel rich pregnant leach solution (PLS); b) subjecting the PLS to an impurity removal step to precipitate ferric iron, and preferably partially precipitate aluminum and chromium as hydroxides; and c) recovering a high grade nickel product from the PLS preferably by either nickel ion exchange, solvent extraction, electrowinning, conventional multi-stage neutralization, pyrohydrolysis or sulfidation.
1. A process for the production of a high grade nickel product comprising:
a. providing at least a primary heap and a secondary heap of a nickeliferous lateritic ore and leaching at least the secondary heap with a lixiviant that includes a sulfuric acid solution to produce an intermediate leach solution, wherein at least part of the intermediate leach is solution is used to leach the primary heap in a counter current or part counter current heap leach process to produce a nickel rich pregnant leach solution (PLS);
b. subjecting the PLS to an impurity removal step to precipitate ferric iron, and partially precipitate aluminum and chromium as hydroxides; and
c. recovering a high grade nickel product from the PLS by at least one of nickel ion exchange, solvent extraction, electrowinning, multi-stage neutralization, pyrohydrolysis or sulfidation.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the PLS, substantially free of ferric ion, is subjected to a nickel ion exchange (IX) step to produce a nickel concentrated IX eluate and a nickel IX raffinate containing cobalt and rejected impurities including ferrous ion, aluminum, chromium, manganese and magnesium, wherein the nickel concentrated IX eluate is neutralized to produce a high grade nickel hydroxide precipitate.
3. The process according to claim 2 wherein the resin in the nickel IX step is selected from an iminodiacetic acid chelating cation resin or a bis-picolylamine functional chelating resin.
4. The process according to claim 3 wherein the nickel IX resin is stripped with a sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid solution to produce a nickel concentrated nickel IX eluate.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the nickeliferous lateritic ore that is heap leached is a low grade nickeliferous lateritic ore and the process includes the steps that the high grade nickel product that is recovered is combined with a feed material for a Rotary Kiln and Electric Furnace (RKEF) plant and processed in an RKEF process.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein ferric iron is removed from the nickel rich PLS as goethite and/or hydroxide by adjusting the pH level of the PLS to a pH of from 2 to 4 with calcium carbonate or limestone and by adjusting a temperature of the PLS to 65° C. to 98° C.
7. The process according to claim 1 wherein seawater or saline medium is used to precipitate ferric iron from the nickel rich PLS as jarosite by adjusting the pH to I to 2 with calcium carbonate or limestone and by adjusting a temperature of the PLS to 80° C. to boiling point.
8. The process according to claim 2 wherein residual ferric ions are partially removed from the nickel concentrated IX eluate by raising a pH of the nickel concentrated IX eluate to a pH of from 2 to 3 with a neutralizing agent and by adjusting a temperature of the nickel concentrated IX eluate to a temperature from 40° C. to 50° C. to precipitate the ferric iron as goethite or an iron hydroxide.
9. The process according to claim 8 wherein the nickel concentrated IX eluate is further neutralized with an agent selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, soda ash, caustic soda, or other alkali, to a pH of from 7 to 9 at 40-50° C., so as to precipitate nickel as a nickel hydroxide precipitate with a nickel grade of greater than 30% wt.
10. The process according to claim 1 wherein the high grade nickel product, substantially free of ferric ions, is further processed to make battery material, nickel nuggets, nickel cathode or crystalline nickel sulphate for electric coating.
11. The process according to claim 1 wherein ferrous iron and aluminium are precipitated from the nickel IX raffinate in a sequential manner; ferrous iron being oxidised and precipitated at a pH of from 2 to 3 in a first stage; and then the residual ferrous iron and aluminium is further precipitated at a pH of 5.0 to 6.5 in a second stage.
12. The process according to claim 11 where oxygen and/or air is added to the first stage to assist in oxidising any remaining ferrous to ferric.
13. The process according to claim 11 wherein the iron and aluminium are precipitated in a substantially crystalline form as hydroxides or oxides.
14. The process according to claim 13 wherein the iron is precipitated as goethite and/or magnetite.
15. The process according to claim 11 wherein cobalt is recovered from the partially neutralized nickel IX raffinate by either a cobalt ion exchange (IX), solvent extraction (SX) or sulfidation.
16. The process according to claim 15 wherein the resin in the cobalt IX process is a bis-picolylamine functional chelating resin and the solvent extraction reagent is Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid or derivatives.