Controlled kiln and manufacturing system for biochar production
A controlled kiln and manufacturing system for biochar production, including control systems and subsystems. An example controlled kiln ( 100 ) includes a drum ( 200 ), a lid ( 120 ) and a floor ( 250 ) together forming a combustion chamber configured to contain feedstock for conversion into biochar. A catalytic converter ( 700 ) may be operatively coupled with an outlet of the kiln ( 100 ). A conversion process completion detection subsystem may be operative to issue notifications. An example biochar manufacturing system includes at least one of the controlled kilns ( 100 ), a feedstock filling station ( 1010, 1020, 1030 ) for providing feedstock to kiln 100 , a firing line ( 1040 ) for receiving the kiln containing feedstock, a tipping station ( 1050 ) for receiving biochar from the kiln, a biochar sizing station, and an automated handler ( 800 ) configured to move the kiln between the feedstock filling station ( 1010, 1020, 1030 ), the firing line ( 1040 ) and the tipping station ( 1050 ).
1. A controllable biochar kiln with feedback control loop, comprising:
a drum, a lid and a floor together forming a combustion chamber configured to contain feedstock for conversion into biochar;
ribs positioned on the floor to define separate quadrants of the combustion chamber, the separate quadrants otherwise open to adjacent quadrants;
a plurality of air inlet pipes, wherein a separate air inlet pipe is associated with each of the quadrants of the combustion chamber;
a damper for each of the air inlet pipes, a valve position of each of the dampers controllable to adjust an amount of airflow in each of the separate quadrants;
an outlet configured to release smoke from the combustion chamber;
at least one air vent formed in a sidewall of the drum;
a blower having a variable speed motor controllable to adjust an airflow rate;
a plurality of sensors to measure conditions in the combustion chamber and generate sensor data based on the measured conditions; and
a controller configured to operate the dampers and blower in combination, based on the sensor data, to provide more air flow in one of the quadrants of the combustion chamber while at the same time providing less air flow in one of the other quadrants of the combustion chamber.
2. The controllable biochar kiln of claim 1 , wherein the drum further comprises a grab ring channel formed between upper and lower flanges configured for engagement by an automated handler.
3. The controllable biochar kiln of claim 1 , wherein the air inlet pipes is mounted above the floor into a wall of the drum.
4. The controllable biochar kiln of claim 1 , further comprising at least one seal cover operatively coupled to at least one primary pipe through the drum.
5. The feedback system of claim 1 , further comprising a notification generator configured to issue a notification based upon on detection of conditions reaching a process completion threshold.
6. The feedback system of claim 5 , wherein the notification is electronic and is configured to automatically issue to local plant personnel.
7. The feedback system of claim 5 , wherein the notification is electronic and is configured to automatically issue to a remote monitoring system.
8. The feedback system of claim 5 , wherein the notification is configured to issue with advance warning to prevent unnecessary burning and reduction of quantity or quality of biochar yield.
9. The feedback system of claim 5 , wherein the notification is configured to automatically end the biochar conversion process.
10. The feedback system of claim 5 , wherein the notification is configured to automatically close and seal at least one vent or at least one chimney port.