DNA methylation analysis for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of adrenal neoplasms
Disclosed herein are methods for detecting, diagnosing and/or prognosing a malignant adrenocortical tumor. Also disclosed are methods of treating a malignant adrenocortical tumor, such as ACC. In some examples, the method of diagnosing and/or prognosing includes obtaining a sample comprising genomic DNA from a subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor; isolating genomic DNA from the sample; and measuring the level of one or more methylated genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences in one or more of the adrenocortical genomic targets in the sample, wherein an increase in the level of methylation of the one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences in the sample compared to a control indicates a malignant adrenocortical tumor.
1. A method, consisting of:
obtaining a sample comprising genomic DNA from a subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor;
isolating genomic DNA from the sample; and
measuring a level of methylation in one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences within one or more of malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules in genomic DNA isolated sample obtained from the subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor,
wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules comprise at least one of SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, CCNB2, RARRES2, KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1 or NTNG2.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring comprises measuring the level of methylation in one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences within any two of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any three of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any four of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any five of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any six of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any seven of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any eight of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, or all nine.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is used to distinguish a primary malignant adrenocortical tumor from a benign adrenocortical tumor.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules comprise at least four of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules comprise at least KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2.
6. A method, consisting of:
obtaining a sample comprising genomic DNA from a subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor;
isolating genomic DNA from the sample; and
measuring a level of methylation in one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences within one or more of malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules in genomic DNA isolated sample obtained from the subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor,
wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules comprise at least one of SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, CCNB2, RARRES2, KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1 or NTNG2; and
providing a therapeutic regimen based on the one or more methylated genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences.
7. A method, consisting of:
obtaining a sample comprising genomic DNA from a subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor;
isolating genomic DNA from the sample; and
measuring a level of methylation in one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences within one or more of malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules in genomic DNA isolated sample obtained from the subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor,
wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules comprise at least one of SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, CCNB2, RARRES2, KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1 or NTNG2; and
contacting the isolated genomic DNA with sodium bisulfite prior to measuring the level of methylation in one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences.
8. A method, consisting of:
obtaining a sample comprising genomic DNA from a subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor;
isolating genomic DNA from the sample; and
measuring a level of methylation in one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences within one or more of malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules in genomic DNA isolated sample obtained from the subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor,
wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules comprise at least one of SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, CCNB2, RARRES2, KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1 or NTNG2; and
contacting the isolated genomic DNA with sodium bisulfite prior to measuring the level of methylation in one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences; and amplifying the sodium bisulfite treated genomic DNA.
9. A method, consisting of:
obtaining a sample comprising genomic DNA from a subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor;
isolating genomic DNA from the sample; and
measuring a level of methylation in one or more genomic CpG dinucleotide sequences within one or more of malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules in genomic DNA isolated sample obtained from the subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have an adrenocortical tumor,
wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related molecules comprise at least one of SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, CCNB2, RARRES2, KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1 or NTNG2; and
administering to the subject an effective amount of a demethylating agent that alters activity and/or expression of one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor molecules, thereby treating a malignant adrenocortical tumor.
10. A method, consisting of:
contacting at least one malignant adrenocortical tumor-related nucleic acid in a sample from a subject at risk of acquiring or suspected to have a malignant adrenocortical cell proliferative disorder with a reagent that detects methylation, wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related nucleic acid comprises KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and/or CCNB2; and
detecting methylation of the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related nucleic acid comprising KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and/or CCNB2 to identify a malignant adrenocortical cell proliferative disorder.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the detecting methylation comprises detecting methylation within any two of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any three of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any four of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any five of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any six of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any seven of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, any eight of KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2, or all nine.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the reagent is a nucleic acid probe.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method is used to distinguish a primary malignant adrenocortical cell proliferative disorder from a benign adrenocortical cell proliferative disorder.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the benign adrenocortical cell proliferative disorder is a benign adrenocortical tumor.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the sample comprises adrenocortical tissue.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more malignant adrenocortical tumor-related nucleic acid comprise at least KCTD12, KIRREL, SYNGR1, NTNG2, RARRES2, SLC16A9, IL13RA2, HTR2B, and CCNB2.