Deformable non-round membrane assemblies
A deformable membrane assembly comprising a fluid-filled envelope, one wall of which is formed by an elastic membrane that is held around its edge by a bendable supporting ring, a support for the envelope and at least three ring-engaging members that are arranged to apply a force to the ring at spaced control points for adjusting the shape of the membrane, with the ring bending to control the shape of the membrane to a predefined form. A control point is provided at or proximate each point on the ring where the profile of the ring that is needed to produce the predefined form of the membrane exhibits a turning point in the direction of the force applied at the control point between two adjacent points where the profile of the ring exhibits an inflection point or a turning point in the opposite direction.
1. A deformable membrane assembly comprising:
an at least partially flexible fluid-filled envelope, one wall of which is formed by an elastic membrane that is held around its edge by a resiliently bendable supporting ring,
a fixed support for the envelope and selectively operable means for causing relative movement between the supporting ring and the support for adjusting the pressure of the fluid in the envelope, thereby to cause the membrane to deform;
wherein the bending stiffness of the ring varies round the ring such that upon deformation of the membrane the ring bends variably to control the shape of the membrane to a predefined form, and the moving means comprise a plurality of ring-engaging members that are arranged to apply a force to the ring at spaced control points;
wherein there are at least three control points, and there is a control point at or proximate each point on the ring where the profile of the ring that is needed to produce the predefined form upon deformation of the membrane exhibits a turning point in the direction of the force applied at the control point between two adjacent points where the profile of the ring exhibits an inflection point or a turning point in the opposite direction.
2. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the moving means apply a force to the ring at each control point in the same direction.
3. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the moving means are configured for compressing the envelope.
4. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 3 , wherein a control point is disposed at or proximate each point on the ring where the profile of the ring when actuated exhibits a local maximum displacement in the inwards direction relative to the envelope intermediate two adjacent points on the ring where the profile of the ring in the direction exhibits a local minimum displacement in the inwards direction.
5. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the moving means are configured for expanding the envelope.
6. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the predefined membrane shape is spherical or a form defined by one or more Zernike polynomials Z j ±k (k≦j).
7. A deformable membrane assembly comprising:
a fluid-filled compressible envelope, one wall of which is formed by a distensible membrane that is held around its edge by a resiliently bendable supporting ring,
a fixed support for the envelope and selectively operable means for compressing the envelope in a first direction against the support to increase the pressure of the fluid therein to cause the membrane to deform outwardly in a second opposite direction;
wherein the bending stiffness of the ring varies round the ring such that upon distension of the membrane the ring bends variably to control the shape of the membrane to a predefined form, and a plurality of ring-engaging members are arranged to engage the ring at selected spaced control points for applying the compressive force between the ring and the support;
wherein there are at least three control points, and there is a control point at or proximate each point on the ring where the displacement of the ring in the first direction is a local maximum intermediate two adjacent points on the ring where the displacement of the ring in the second opposite direction is a local maximum.
8. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein one or more of said control points are actuation points, where the ring-engaging members are configured actively to displace the supporting ring relative to the support.
9. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the membrane is continuously adjustable between an un-actuated state and fully deformed state, and at each position between the un-actuated and fully deformed states the supporting ring is displaced at the or each actuation point by the distance required to achieve the predefined form of the membrane.
10. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the supporting ring is formed with a protruding tab at the or at least one of the actuation points for engaging the ring with the ring engaging element.
11. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein one or more of said control points are hinge points, where the ring-engaging members are configured to hold the supporting ring stationary relative to the support.
12. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the membrane is continuously adjustable between an un-actuated state and fully deformed state, and the supporting ring is required to remain stationary at the or each hinge point to achieve the predefined form of the membrane at each position between the un-actuated and fully deformed states.
13. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 11 , wherein two adjacent hinge points define a tilting axis, and there is at least one actuation point where the ring engaging member is configured actively to displace the supporting ring relative to the support for tilting the ring relative to the support about said tilting axis for adjusting the volume of the envelope.
14. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the supporting ring is generally rectangular, having two short sides and two long sides; the at least one actuation point is located on one of the short sides, the two adjacent hinge points are located on or proximate to the other short side.
15. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the predefined form has a centre, the one short side generally follows the arc of a circle that is centred on the centre, and the at least one actuation point is located substantially centrally on said one short side.
16. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 11 , wherein said predefined form has a centre and there are a plurality of hinge points that are substantially equidistant from the centre of the predefined form.
17. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the supporting ring is free to bend passively relative to the support between the control points.
18. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein stiffening elements are provided for stiffening one or more regions of the supporting ring.
19. The deformable membrane assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the supporting ring comprises two or more ring elements, and the membrane is sandwiched between two adjacent ring elements.