Process for forming microbubbles with high oxygen content and uses thereof
Formulations containing a carrier and microbubbles encapsulating oxygen gas, and methods for making and using the formulations are described herein. The formulations are manufactured by a process which includes high shear homogenization. The resulting microbubble suspension may be centrifuged to further concentrate the microbubbles. The resulting concentrated LOM suspension preferably has an oxygen content ranging from 50 to 99% (vol). Prior to administration to a patient, the viscosity of the LOM suspension may be reduced to the desired viscosity, preferably similar to the viscosity of the patient's blood. The resulting LOM formulation typically has an oxygen concentration ranging from 65 to 80% (vol). The microbubbles are formed from one or more lipids, preferably one or more phospholipids, most preferably DSPC, and preferably also contain one or more stabilizing agents/excipients, preferably cholesterol.
1. A method for forming a concentrated oxygen-containing lipid-based microbubble suspension comprising:
(a) forming a precursor mixture comprising a fluid carrier and one or more lipids, and optionally comprising one or more stabilizing agents, and
(b) subjecting the precursor mixture to high shear homogenization using an inline, closed system homogenizer, wherein the suspension is homogenized at a shear rate ranging from approximately 4000 RPM to approximately 9000 RPM, wherein oxygen gas is fed into the homogenizer at a flow rate ranging from 0.05 L/min to 10 L/min, for a sufficient period of time to produce a lipid-based microbubble suspension comprising at least 50% oxygen by volume and wherein there is no fluorocarbon in the microbubble suspension.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the suspension is homogenized at a shear rate ranging from about 7000 RPM to about 8000 RPM.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more stabilizing agents are selected from the group consisting of cholesterol, polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene (Poloxamer 188), and Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (Pluronic F108).
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the stabilizing agent is cholesterol and the lipid is DSPC.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbubble suspension further comprises one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of thinning agents, viscosity lowering agents, and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbubble suspension comprises at least 70% oxygen by volume.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein step (b) of claim 1 is repeated via one or more passes through the homogenizer until the microbubble suspension contains the oxygen suspension has a sufficient concentration of oxygen, wherein no further processing step is needed to obtain the concentration of oxygen.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising centrifuging the microbubble suspension to separate a microbubble phase from a liquid phase, wherein the microbubble phase comprises microbubbles having a size of predominantly 10 microns or lower.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising freezing the microbubble suspension, at a temperature of approximately 0° C., wherein when the suspension is subsequently thawed by exposing to warmed water, convective heat, or a microwave for a period of less than 5 minutes the size distribution and oxygen concentration of the microbubble suspension is the same as it was prior to the freezing step.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbubble suspension comprises at least 80% oxygen by volume.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbubble suspension comprises at least 90% oxygen by volume.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbubble suspension comprises at least 95% oxygen by volume.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising freezing the microbubble suspension, at a temperature of approximately 0° C., wherein when the suspension is subsequently thawed by exposing to warmed water, convective heat, or a microwave for a period of less than 30 seconds, the size distribution and oxygen concentration of the microbubble suspension is the same as it was prior to the freezing step.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising centrifuging the microbubble suspension at a force between 300 and 2000 RPM and for a period of at least 5 minutes to separate a microbubble phase from a liquid phase, wherein the microbubble phase comprises microbubbles having a size of predominantly 10 microns or lower.