Foundations for subsea pipeline accessories
A pipeline including an accessory such as a flowline end termination or an in-line tee is lowered to the seabed and a mudmat foundation is subsequently lowered toward the seabed for subsea docking with the accessory to provide a permanent foundation support for the accessory. Once docked and with a mudmat of the foundation landed on the seabed, weight loads of the accessory structure and the attached pipe are transferred to the mudmat to provide a permanent foundation for the accessory structure. Before and during installation of the mudmat foundation, the pipe may be allowed to become embedded in the seabed. Temporary interim support such as buoyancy may be provided to the accessory to limit embedment into the seabed.
1. A method of installing a subsea pipeline including an accessory structure that requires foundation support when in use at a seabed location, the method comprising:
lowering the accessory structure to the seabed location attached to a pipe being laid, the accessory structure comprising at least one valve for controlling fluid flow;
subsequently, aligning a foundation structure with the accessory structure to enable a lifting device of the foundation structure to be connected between the foundation structure and the accessory structure when the foundation structure is subsequently lowered towards the accessory structure;
lowering the aligned foundation structure towards the accessory structure;
connecting the lifting device to connection points of the accessory structure to act directly between the accessory structure and the foundation structure to unite the foundation structure with the accessory structure at the seabed location; and
with at least one mudmat of the foundation structure landed on the seabed, operating the lifting device to transfer weight loads of the accessory structure and the pipe to the mudmat to provide a permanent foundation for the accessory structure.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising temporarily embedding the pipe and/or the accessory structure in the seabed at the seabed location.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising lifting the pipe and/or the accessory structure from the seabed after the foundation structure is united with the accessory structure.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mudmat comprises a plurality of mudmats, the method further comprising lowering the plurality of mudmats of the foundation structure around the accessory structure when the foundation structure is being united with the accessory structure at the seabed location.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising positioning a support structure of the foundation structure adjacent to the accessory structure, the support structure comprising the lifting device, and using the support structure to lift the accessory structure into engagement with the foundation structure.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising positioning the support structure over the accessory structure and using the support structure to lift the accessory structure from above into engagement with the foundation structure.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pulling or pushing the accessory structure toward the foundation structure.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising engaging the foundation structure with at least one guide part of the accessory structure when being united with the accessory structure and lowering the foundation structure for landing on the seabed while being guided by the engaged guide part.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one guide part comprises first and second guide parts, the method further comprising engaging the foundation structure successively with the first and second guide parts of the accessory structure while lowering the foundation structure.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising attaching the, or each, guide part to the accessory structure or erecting the, or each, guide part from the accessory structure after passing the accessory structure through a tensioning apparatus of a pipelaying vessel and before uniting the foundation structure and the accessory structure.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising locking the accessory structure to the foundation structure after uniting the foundation structure and the accessory structure.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing support to the accessory structure at the seabed location to oppose loads of the accessory structure and the pipe before uniting the foundation structure with the accessory structure.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising using the support to control temporary embedment of the pipe and/or the accessory structure in the seabed.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising removing the support when transferring the weight loads of the accessory structure and the pipe to the foundation structure.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the support is provided by buoyancy that also supports the accessory structure while it is being lowered to the seabed location during pipelaying.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising lowering the foundation structure around a buoyancy module and/or a wire that supports the accessory structure.