Targeting the glutamine to pyruvate pathway for treatment of oncogenic Kras-associated cancer
Methods and kits for GPP-targeting, e.g., for the treatment of oncogenic Kras-associated cancers, and methods for determining the efficacy of those methods are provided.
1. A method comprising:
obtaining a sample from a human subject having an oncogenic Kras mutation and who is undergoing or has undergone glutamine to pyruvate pathway (GPP)-targeting, wherein the GPP-targeting comprises administering an inhibitor of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) or glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2); and
detecting a level of a marker selected from the group consisting of NADP+, NADPH, GSSG, GSH, pyruvate, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-sense oligonucleotide, a shRNA, a siRNA, and an intrabody.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human subject has been diagnosed with a cancer associated with an oncogenic Kras mutation.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oncogenic Kras mutation is selected from the group consisting of Kras G12D , Kras G12V , Kras G13D , Kras Q61R , Kras Q61L , Kras Q61K , Kras G12R , and Kras G12C .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises continuing the GPP-targeting of the human subject.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises administering an additional treatment to the subject.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the additional treatment is selected from the group consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is a shRNA.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is a GOT1 shRNA.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is a GOT2 shRNA.
11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cancer associated with an oncogenic Kras mutation is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and biliary cancer.
12. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cancer associated with an oncogenic Kras mutation is pancreatic cancer.
13. A method comprising:
obtaining a sample from a human subject who has been diagnosed with a cancer associated with an oncogenic Kras mutation and is undergoing or has undergone glutamine to pyruvate pathway (GPP)-targeting, wherein the GPP-targeting comprises administering an inhibitor of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) or glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2); and
detecting a level of a marker selected from the group consisting of NADP+, NADPH, GSSG, GSH, pyruvate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NAD+, and NADH in the sample,
wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and biliary cancer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-sense oligonucleotide, a shRNA, a siRNA, and an intrabody.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the oncogenic Kras mutation is selected from the group consisting of Kras G12D , Kras G12V , Kras G13D , Kras Q61R , Kras Q61L , Kras Q61K , Kras G12R , and Kras G12C .
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inhibitor is a GOT1 shRNA.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inhibitor is a GOT2 shRNA.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
19. A method comprising:
obtaining a sample from a human subject having an oncogenic Kras mutation and who is undergoing or has undergone glutamine to pyruvate pathway (GPP) targeting, wherein the GPP-targeting comprises administering an inhibitor of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) or glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2);
detecting a level of a marker selected from the group consisting of NADP+, NADPH, GSSG, GSH, pyruvate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NAD+, and NADH in the sample; and
continuing the GPP-targeting of the subject.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising determining that the level of a marker selected from the group consisting of NADP+, GSSG, ROS, and NADH is increased, relative to the marker's control level, or that the level of a marker selected from the group consisting of NADPH, GSH, pyruvate, and NAD+ is decreased, relative to the marker's control level.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the level of the marker is compared with a control level which is the level of the marker in a sample obtained from the same human subject prior to or at the beginning of the GPP-targeting, or from another human subject who is known to comprise an oncogenic Kras mutation and is not undergoing or has not undergone GPP-targeting.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the marker's control level is a predetermined reference level of the marker.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-sense oligonucleotide, a shRNA, a siRNA, and an intrabody.
24. The method of claim 19 , wherein the oncogenic Kras mutation is selected from the group consisting of Kras G12D , Kras G12V , Kras G13D , Kras Q61R , Kras Q61L , Kras Q61K , Kras G12R , and Kras G12C .
25. The method of claim 19 , wherein the human subject has been diagnosed with a cancer associated with an oncogenic Kras mutation, and the cancer associated with an oncogenic Kras mutation is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and biliary cancer.
26. The method of claim 19 , wherein the inhibitor is a GOT1 shRNA.
27. The method of claim 19 , wherein the inhibitor is a GOT2 shRNA.
28. The method of claim 25 , wherein the cancer associated with an oncogenic Kras mutation is pancreatic cancer.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the marker is selected from the group consisting of NADP+, NADPH, GSSG, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).