Amino- or ammonium-containing sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid derivatives and their medical use

1. A method of treating or ameliorating an inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder, the method comprising the administration of a compound of formula 1

wherein:

R 1 is a C 10-20 hydrocarbon group;

R 2 is a C 1-4 alkyl group, and R 3 is —H, a C 1-4 alkyl group or R 3 is absent; or

R 2 and R 3 are mutually linked to form a pyrrolidine ring, a piperidine ring or an azepane ring together with the nitrogen atom X to which they are attached, wherein said pyrrolidine ring, said piperidine ring or said azepane ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from —OH, —O(C 1-3 alkyl), —O—C(O)—(C 1-3 alkyl), C 1-3 alkyl, —C(O)—(C 1-3 alkyl), —C(O)—NH 2 , —C(O)—NH(C 1-3 alkyl), —C(O)—N(C 1-3 alkyl)(C 1-3 alkyl), —NH 2 , —NH(C 1-3 alkyl), —N(C 1-3 alkyl)(C 1-3 alkyl), —NH—C(O)—(C 1-3 alkyl), —N(C 1-3 alkyl)-C(O)—(C 1-3 alkyl), —NH—C(O)—O(C 1-3 alkyl), or —N(C 1-3 alkyl)-C(O)—O(C 1-3 alkyl);

R 4 is a C 1-6 alkylene group;

R 5 is —SO 3 − , —SO 3 H, —PO 3 H − , —PO 3 2− , —PO 3 H 2 , —PO 2 (OC 1-3 alkyl) − , —PO 2 H(OC 1-3 alkyl), —PO(OC 1-3 alkyl) 2 , —CO 2 − , or —CO 2 (C 1-3 alkyl); and

X is N + or, if R 3 is absent, X is N;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof to a subject in need of such a treatment or amelioration,

wherein the compound of formula 1 treats or ameliorates the inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder, and

wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema), contact dermatitis, xerotic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, neurodermitis, dyshidrosis, discoid eczema, venous eczema, dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's Disease), autoeczematization, dermatomyositis, hyper-IgE (Buckley) syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, anaphylaxis, food allergy, allergic reactions to venomous stings, acute urticarias, chronic urticarias, physical urticarias, aquagenic urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, cold urticaria (chronic cold urticaria), delayed pressure urticaria, dermatographic urticaria, heat urticaria, solar urticaria, vibration urticaria, adrenergic urticaria, urticaria angioedema, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, diversion colitis (diverticulitis), Behcet's syndrome, indeterminate colitis, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, post-operative ileus, eosinophilic gastroenteropathy, gastritis, chronic allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay-fever), allergic conjunctivitis, chemical conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, Sjögren syndrome, open-angle glaucoma, dry eye disease, diabetic macular edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, lung fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, reactive arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Grave's disease, temporal arteritis, liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis multiple sclerosis, or alopecia areata.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema), contact dermatitis, xerotic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, neurodermitis, dyshidrosis, discoid eczema, venous eczema, dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's Disease), autoeczematization, dermatomyositis, hyper-IgE (Buckley) syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, anaphylaxis, food allergy, or allergic reactions to venomous stings.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from acute urticarias, chronic urticarias, physical urticarias, aquagenic urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, cold urticaria (chronic cold urticaria), delayed pressure urticaria, dermatographic urticaria, heat urticaria, solar urticaria, vibration urticaria, adrenergic urticaria, or urticaria angioedema.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, diversion colitis (diverticulitis), Behcet's syndrome, indeterminate colitis, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, post-operative ileus, eosinophilic gastroenteropathy, or gastritis.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from chronic allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay-fever), allergic conjunctivitis, chemical conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, Sjögren syndrome, open-angle glaucoma, dry eye disease, or diabetic macular edema.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or lung fibrosis.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, reactive arthritis, or polymyalgia rheumatica.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Grave's disease, temporal arteritis, primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, or alopecia areata.

9. The method of claim 1 , whereby said compound is administered in combination with one or more immunomodulatory drugs and/or one or more anti-inflammatory drugs.

10. A method of treating or ameliorating an inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder, the method comprising the administration of a compound of any of the following formulae to a subject in need of such a treatment or amelioration:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof,

wherein the compound treats or ameliorates the inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder.

11. The method of claim 10 whereby said compound is formulated for administration by any one of: an oral route; topical route, transdermal, intranasal, ocular, buccal, or sublingual route; parenteral route using injection techniques or infusion techniques, by subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intracardiac, intrathecal, intraspinal, intracapsular, subcapsular, intraorbital, intraperitoneal, intratracheal, subcuticular, intraarticular, subarachnoid, intrasternal, intraventricular, intraurethral, or intracranial route; pulmonary route, by inhalation or insufflation therapy; gastrointestinal route; intrauterine route; intraocular route; subcutaneous route; ophthalmic route, intravitreal, or intracameral route; rectal route; or vaginal route.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein said subject is a human.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein said subject is a non-human mammal.

14. The method of claim 1 whereby said compound is formulated for administration by any one of: an oral route; topical route, transdermal, intranasal, ocular, buccal, or sublingual route; parenteral route using injection techniques or infusion techniques, by subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intracardiac, intrathecal, intraspinal, intracapsular, subcapsular, intraorbital, intraperitoneal, intratracheal, subcuticular, intraarticular, subarachnoid, intrasternal, intraventricular, intraurethral, or intracranial route; pulmonary route, by inhalation or insufflation therapy; gastrointestinal route; intrauterine route; intraocular route; subcutaneous route; ophthalmic route, intravitreal, or intracameral route; rectal route; or vaginal route.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is a human.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is a non-human mammal.

17. The method of claim 11 , whereby said compound is administered in combination with one or more immunomodulatory drugs and/or one or more anti-inflammatory drugs.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein said inflammatory, autoimmune and/or allergic disorder is selected from: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema), contact dermatitis, xerotic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, neurodermitis, dyshidrosis, discoid eczema, venous eczema, dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's Disease), autoeczematization, dermatomyositis, hyper-IgE (Buckley) syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, anaphylaxis, food allergy, allergic reactions to venomous stings, acute urticarias, chronic urticarias, physical urticarias aquagenic urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, cold urticaria (chronic cold urticaria), delayed pressure urticaria, dermatographic urticaria, heat urticaria, solar urticaria, vibration urticaria, adrenergic urticaria, urticaria angioedema, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, diversion colitis (diverticulitis), Behcet's syndrome, indeterminate colitis, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, post-operative ileus, eosinophilic gastroenteropathy, gastritis, chronic allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay-fever), allergic conjunctivitis, chemical conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, Sjögren syndrome, open-angle glaucoma, dry eye disease, diabetic macular edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, lung fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, reactive arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Grave's disease, temporal arteritis, liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis multiple sclerosis, or alopecia areata.