Wide bandwidth borehole dipole source for acoustic logging
A dipole source for borehole acoustic logging includes a cylindrical shell, a center beam coupled to the cylindrical shell, a movable projector inside the cylindrical shell to impact the center beam, and a cavity acoustically insulating the interior of the cylindrical shell from the exterior of the cylindrical shell. An acoustic logging tool for making measurements of a substrate surrounding a borehole with a body insertable in the borehole is also provided. The body includes an acoustic detector and a dipole source as above, along the axial length. The acoustic logging tool may include a control unit to process data collected from the acoustic detector and obtain information about the substrate surrounding the borehole.
1. A dipole source for borehole acoustic logging comprising:
a cylindrical shell having an interior and an exterior;
a center beam having a bushing therein;
a frame coupling the center beam to the interior of the cylindrical shell, the frame being directly coupled to the center beam;
a movable projector disposed inside the bushing to impact the center beam by moving back and forth along a direction perpendicular to an axis of the center beam;
at least one spring directly coupling the projector to the center beam to restore the projector to an initial position; and
a cavity surrounding the frame to acoustically insulate the interior of the cylindrical shell from the exterior of the cylindrical shell.
2. The dipole source of claim 1 , wherein the center beam has a ring shape centered about an axis of motion of the movable projector.
3. The dipole source of claim 1 , wherein the movable projector impacts the center beam in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the cylindrical shell.
4. The dipole source of claim 3 , wherein the axis of the cylindrical shell is parallel to a longitudinal axis of a borehole.
5. The dipole source of claim 1 , further comprising a magnet and a conductive coil, the magnet disposed to receive a magneto-motive force from the conductive coil that propels the projector to impact on the center beam.
6. The dipole source of claim 5 , wherein the conductive coil is directly coupled to the cylindrical shell and the magnet is directly coupled to the movable projector.
7. The dipole source of claim 5 , wherein the conductive coil is coupled to the center beam and the magnet is enclosed in the movable projector.
8. The dipole source of claim 1 , wherein the movable projector comprises a first portion and a second portion coupled by a shaft, the first portion configured to impact a first side of the center beam and the second portion configured to impact a second side of the center beam.
9. The dipole source of claim 1 , wherein the movable projector comprises a stopper to contact the center beam upon impact.
10. The dipole source of claim 9 , wherein the stopper is formed of a material having elastic properties selected to increase a frequency bandwidth of an acoustic wave generated by the impact of the projector with the center beam.
11. The dipole source of claim 1 , wherein the moveable projector is disposed inside the cylindrical shell to generate an acoustic wave having a dipole modal distribution when the movable projector impacts the center beam.
12. The dipole source of claim 11 , wherein the acoustic wave propagates as a shear acoustic wave in a direction perpendicular to a symmetry axis of the dipole modal distribution through a substrate surrounding the dipole source.
13. The dipole source of claim 1 , wherein a width of the cylindrical shell is less than about four inches.
14. The dipole source of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive coil, wherein:
the center beam is separated from the cylindrical shell, the center beam contacting the cylindrical shell through a contact portion of the cylindrical shell along a direction of motion of the movable projector; and
the conductive coil is coupled to a power source to receive a current to provide a magneto-motive force that causes the movable projector to impact the center beam.
15. The dipole source of claim 14 wherein a first magnetic susceptibility of a material that forms the moveable projector is about one thousand times greater than a second magnetic susceptibility of a material that forms the cylindrical shell.
16. An acoustic logging tool for making measurements of a substrate surrounding a borehole comprising:
a body insertable in the borehole, the body comprising an acoustic detector and a dipole source each disposed along an axial length of the body, the dipole source comprising:
a cylindrical shell;
a center beam having a bushing therein;
a frame coupling the center beam to the cylindrical shell, the frame being directly coupled to the center beam;
a movable projector disposed inside the bushing to impact the center beam in a direction along a dipole axis of the dipole source, the dipole axis being perpendicular to an axis of the center beam;
a plurality of springs directly coupling the projector to the center beam to restore the projector to an initial position after impacting the center beam; and
a cavity surrounding the frame to acoustically insulate an interior of the cylindrical shell from an exterior of the cylindrical shell; and
a control unit operatively coupled to the acoustic detector and the dipole source to provide power thereto and to process data collected from the acoustic detector to obtain information about the substrate surrounding the borehole.
17. The acoustic logging tool of claim 16 wherein the dipole axis is perpendicular to a longitudinal direction along the borehole.
18. The acoustic logging tool of claim 16 wherein the dipole source further comprises a magnet directly coupled to the projector and a conductive coil directly coupled to the cylindrical shell, the magnet receiving a magneto-motive force from the conductive coil to propel the projector to impact the center beam.
19. A method for generating an acoustic wave in a spatial pattern having a dipole symmetry axis comprising:
providing a current to a coil for a first selected time interval;
propelling a projector through a bushing of a center beam to thereby impact the center beam using a magneto-motive force generated by the current during the first selected time interval, the impact of the projector with the center beam comprising a force and a change in time of the force, wherein:
a direction of the force and a direction of the change in time of the force are substantially the same, along a dipole symmetry axis; and
providing a restoring force to the projector for a second selected time interval, wherein:
the projector, the coil, and the center beam are disposed inside a frame coupling the center beam to an interior of a cylindrical shell, the frame being directly coupled to the center beam;
at least one spring directly coupling the projector to the center beam to restore the projector to an initial position; and
a cavity surrounding the frame and filled by a fluid which acoustically insulates the interior of the cylindrical shell from an exterior of the cylindrical shell.
20. The method of claim 19 further wherein providing the restoring force to the projector in the dipole source during the second selected time interval comprises using a plurality of springs coupling the projector to the center beam.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the magneto-motive force is generated by an interaction of the coil directly coupled to the cylindrical shell and a magnet directly coupled to the projector.
22. A method for measuring properties of a substrate using an acoustic logging tool having a dipole source, the method comprising:
using the dipole source, generating an acoustic wave in a pattern substantially symmetric about an axis of the dipole source, the dipole source being positioned in a borehole;
detecting the acoustic wave using an acoustic detector placed along an axial length of the acoustic logging tool, the acoustic detector being positioned in the borehole; and
measuring a velocity of the acoustic wave through the substrate, wherein generating an acoustic wave in a pattern substantially symmetric about an axis of the dipole source comprises:
providing a current to a coil for a first selected time interval;
propelling a projector through a bushing of a center beam to thereby impact the center beam using a magneto-motive force generated by the current during the first selected time interval, the impact of the projector with the center beam comprising a force and a change in time of the force, wherein a direction of the force and a direction of the change in time of the force are substantially the same; and
providing a restoring force to the projector for a second selected time interval, along a dipole symmetry axis, wherein:
the projector, the coil, and the center beam are disposed inside a frame coupling the center beam to an interior of a cylindrical shell, the frame being directly coupled to the center beam; and
a cavity surrounding the frame and filled by a fluid which acoustically insulates the interior of the cylindrical shell from an exterior of the cylindrical shell,
wherein providing the restoring force to the projector for the second selected time interval comprises using a plurality of springs directly coupling the projector to the center beam.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the magneto-motive force is generated by an interaction of the coil directly coupled to the cylindrical shell and a magnet directly coupled to the projector.
24. The method of claim 22 wherein generating an acoustic wave in a pattern substantially symmetric about an axis of the dipole source comprises generating acoustic waves within a frequency bandwidth comprising frequencies between 300 Hz and 9 kHz.