Paint-on approach for fabrication of electrically active structures
A method of making an electrically active structure includes applying a backplane onto a substrate, applying a paint layer onto said backplane, applying a stencil layer on said paint layer, patterning an electrically active structure onto said paint layer through said stencil layer, and removing said stencil layer.
1. A manufacture comprising a substrate having an electromagnetic metamaterial disposed thereon, wherein said electromagnetic metamaterial comprises a set of stacked paint layers and a plurality of electromagnetic coupling elements, wherein said electromagnetic coupling elements are disposed throughout said set, wherein said set of stacked paint layers comprises a dielectric paint layer and a conductive paint layer, wherein said dielectric paint layer and said conductive paint layer define a stack of two paint layers, wherein said conductive paint layer comprises a conductive patterned structure, wherein said conductive patterned structure comprises an array of said electromagnetic coupling elements, and wherein a paint layer selected from the group consisting of said dielectric paint layer and said conductive paint layer is on said substrate.
2. The manufacture of claim 1 , wherein said manufacture is a sensor.
3. The manufacture of claim 1 , wherein said dielectric paint layer comprises latex paint.
4. The manufacture of claim 1 , wherein said dielectric paint layer comprises an oil-based paint.
5. The manufacture of claim 1 , wherein said dielectric paint layer comprises a water-based paint.
6. The manufacture of claim 1 , wherein said dielectric paint layer comprises a polymer.
7. The manufacture of claim 1 , wherein said substrate comprises a vehicle on which said electromagnetic metamaterial is applied.
8. The manufacture of claim 1 , wherein said substrate comprises a curved surface on which said electromagnetic metamaterial is applied.
9. A method specially adapted for the manufacture of manufacture comprising a substrate having an electromagnetic metamaterial disposed thereon, wherein said electromagnetic metamaterial comprises a set of stacked paint layers and a plurality of electromagnetic coupling elements, wherein said electromagnetic coupling elements are disposed throughout said set, wherein said set of stacked paint layers comprises a dielectric paint layer and a conductive paint layer, both of which are paint layers that are elements of said set of stacked paint layers, wherein said conductive paint layer comprises a conductive patterned structure, wherein said conductive patterned structure comprises an array of electromagnetic coupling elements, and wherein a paint layer selected from the group consisting of said of said dielectric paint layer and said conductive paint layer is on said substrate, said method comprising applying a backplane onto said substrate, building a first paint layer on said backplane, said first paint layer being one of said dielectric paint layer and said conductive paint layer, wherein said first paint layer, after having been built, becomes one of said paint layers in said set of stacked paint layers, applying a stencil on said first paint layer, patterning said electrically active element onto said first paint layer through said stencil, and removing said stencil.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein building said first paint layer comprises applying a plurality of coats of paint.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising building a second paint layer on top of said patterned first paint layer.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein building said first paint layer comprises mixing a reinforcing agent into paint used to build said first paint layer.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein building said first paint layer comprises mixing shredded paper into paint used to build said first paint layer.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein patterning said element comprises applying conductive ink onto said stencil layer.
15. The method of claim 9 , further comprising removing said substrate.