Metallic nano-tip apparatus, methods, and applications

1. A method for template-stripping a single metallic nano-tip structure from a template, comprising the steps of:

providing a template containing a plurality of ready-to-be-template-stripped inverted metallic nano-tip structures each having an open base region, wherein said open base region has a dimension, d, in the range from one to 500 micrometers (μm);

providing an elongate handle having a distal end;

applying a droplet of adhesive onto or adjacent the distal end of the elongate handle;

contacting the droplet of adhesive with the open base region of the inverted metallic nano-tip structure;

allowing the adhesive to cure; and

removing the single metallic nano-tip structure from the template.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein d is in the range from one to 300 micrometers (μm).

3. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing a template containing a plurality of inverted plasmonic nano-tip structures.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of inverted metallic nano-tip structures each have an apertured tip, further wherein the elongate handle is a pipette having a capillary.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elongate handle comprises one of crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, Si 3 N 4 , SU-8, polyimide, epoxy, silica, and Al 2 O 3 .

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sharpening the distal end of the elongate handle.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elongate handle is an optical fiber or bundles of carbon nanotubes.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the optical fiber is coated with a conductive material.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elongated handle is a metallic wire.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the metallic wire is one of gold, aluminum, copper, and tungsten.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the metallic wire has a diameter between about 10 -500 μm.

12. A method for template-stripping a single metallic nano-tip structure from a template, comprising the steps of:

providing a template containing a plurality of ready-to-be-template-stripped inverted metallic nano-tip structures including a top surface cantilever material, each inverted metallic nano-tip structure having an open base region, wherein said open base region has a dimension, d, in the range from one to 500 micrometers (μm);

depositing a layer of a second metal having a thickness between about two -500 μm over the top surface cantilever material including the open base regions of the inverted metallic nano-tip structures such that the layer thickness is sufficient to fill the open base region to connect the metal in the open base region to the second metal on the top surface cantilever material;

defining a cantilever structure in the cantilever material and the second metal layer;

attaching a cantilever handle to a region of the second metal layer;

etching away a portion of the template adjacent the inverted metallic nano-tip structures; and

removing the inverted metallic nano-tip structure including the cantilever, the second metal layer, and the cantilever handle from the template.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second metal is one of tungsten, aluminum, and copper.

14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising photolithographically defining the cantilever structure in the cantilever material and the second metal layer.

15. A method for template-stripping a single metallic nano-tip structure from a template, comprising the steps of:

providing a Si template having a plurality of inverted pyramidal pits defined in a top surface thereof, each inverted pyramidal pit having an open base region, wherein said open base region has a dimension, d, in the range from one to 1000 micrometers (μm);

depositing a layer of metal over the top surface of the template including the plurality of open base regions, thus forming an inverted metallic nano-tip structure;

depositing a layer of cantilever material over the layer of metal;

patterning a cantilever structure including removing the metal layer that is not under the layer of cantilever material;

attaching a cantilever handle to a region of the layer of cantilever material; and

removing the inverted metallic nano-tip structure including the cantilever structure and the cantilever handle from the template.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising depositing a layer of one of Si, SU-8, Al 2 O 3 , and Si 3 N 4 cantilever material over the layer of metal.

17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising photolithographically patterning the cantilever structure.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cantilever handle is bonded to the region of the cantilever material.

19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising depositing the layer of metal over the top surface of the template including the plurality of open base regions having a thickness between about 100-1000 nm.

20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising depositing a layer of gold or silver over the top surface of the template including the plurality of open base regions having a thickness between about 100-1000 nm.