Method of preparing oligomeric compounds using modified capping protocols
Provided herein are methods for the solid phase synthesis of oligomeric compounds wherein at least one of the capping steps has been modified. More particularly, methods are provided wherein one or more of the capping steps is omitted or performed using reduced equivalents of acetic anhydride. In certain embodiments, the methods provide an enhanced purity profile. In certain embodiments, the methods provide an increased yield. The methods provided herein also provide at least an economic advantage over currently used methods in that reduced amounts of the mixture of capping reagents are required.
1. A method of preparing an oligomeric compound comprising:
a) providing a solid support having a plurality of monomer subunits linked thereto wherein each of the monomer subunits comprises a blocked hydroxyl group;
b) deblocking the blocked hydroxyl groups to provide free hydroxyl groups;
c) coupling further monomer subunits to the free hydroxyl groups, wherein each further monomer subunit comprises a phosphoramidite group and a blocked hydroxyl group, to the free hydroxyl groups to provide phosphite triester linked monomer subunits;
d) oxidizing or sulfurizing the phosphite triester linked monomer subunits to provide phosphate triester or thiophosphate triester linked monomer subunits;
e) optionally treating the phosphate triester or thiophosphate triester linked monomer subunits with a mixture of capping reagents to block any unreacted free hydroxyl groups;
f) iteratively repeating steps b) through e) a predetermined number of times to provide the oligomeric compound; and
wherein:
the last iterative step e) is omitted and at least one iterative step e) is performed using a mixture of capping reagents having about 8.5 equivalents or less of acetic anhydride based on the loading of the solid support; or
the last iterative step e) is omitted and each of the remaining iterative steps e) is performed using a mixture of capping reagents having about 8.5 equivalents or less of acetic anhydride based on the loading of the solid support; or
each iterative step e) is performed and at least one iterative step e) is performed using a mixture of capping reagents having about 8.5 equivalents or less of acetic anhydride based on the loading of the solid support.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid support is crosslinked polystyrene selected from Primer Support 5G or NittoPhaseHL.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid support is a Unylinker# functionalized solid support.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein each monomer subunit is a nucleoside.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein each hydroxyl blocking group is 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl and each phosphoramidite group is a diisopropylcyanoethoxy phosphoramidite (—P(N[C(H)(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 )(O(CH 2 ) 2 CN).
6. The method of claim 1 wherein dichloroacetic acid in toluene is used to deblock blocked hydroxyl groups.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein at least the last iterative step e) is omitted.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein iterative step e) is performed for about the first 50% of the iterative steps b) through e) and omitted for the remaining iterative steps b) through e).
9. The method of claim 1 wherein iterative step e) is performed for about the first 75% of the iterative steps b) through e) and omitted for the remaining iterative steps b) through e).
10. The method of claim 1 wherein each iterative step e) is performed.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture of capping reagents used for essentially each iterative capping step e) that is performed comprises about 8.5 equivalents or less of acetic anhydride based on the loading of the solid support.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture of capping reagents used for each iterative capping step e) that is performed comprises about 6 equivalents of acetic anhydride based on the loading of the solid support.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture of capping reagents used for each iterative capping step e) that is performed comprises about 4 equivalents of acetic anhydride based on the loading of the solid support.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture of capping reagents used for each iterative capping step e) that is performed comprises about 2 equivalents of acetic anhydride based on the loading of the solid support.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture of capping reagents used for each iterative capping step e) that is performed comprises less than 1 equivalent of acetic anhydride based on the loading of the solid support.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the volume of the mixture of capping reagents is modified independently for each cycle of steps b) through e) such that about 17 equivalents of acetic anhydride are used for the first cycle and over each successive cycle that includes the capping step e) the equivalents of acetic anhydride are serially reduced to about 1 equivalent based on the loading of the solid support.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the volume of the mixture of capping reagents is modified independently for each cycle of steps b) through e) such that about 8.5 equivalents of acetic anhydride are used for the first cycle and over each successive cycle that includes the capping step e) the equivalents of acetic anhydride are serially reduced to about 1 equivalent based on the loading of the solid support.
18. The method claim 1 wherein the volume of the mixture of capping reagents is modified independently for each cycle of steps b) through e) such that about 4 equivalents of acetic anhydride are used for the first cycle and over each successive cycle that includes the capping step e) the equivalents of acetic anhydride are serially reduced to about 1 equivalent based on the loading of the solid support.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture of capping reagents comprises from about 5% to about 10% acetic anhydride, from about 5% to about 10% N-methylimidazole and from about 5% to about 15% pyridine or from about 5% to about 10% 2,6-lutidine dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, toluene or acetonitrile.
20. The method claim 1 wherein the mixture of capping reagents comprises from about 5% to about 10% acetic anhydride, from about 5% to about 10% N-methylimidazole and from about 5% to about 15% pyridine in toluene.
21. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture of capping reagents comprises from 10% acetic anhydride, about 10% N-methylimidazole and about 15% pyridine in toluene.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein the oligomeric compound comprises from about 10 to about 40 monomer subunits in length.