Selective capture and stimulated release of circulating tumor cells on nanostructured devices
A device for capturing preselected cell types from a fluid sample that includes a plurality of cell types includes a substrate, a plurality of nanowires at least one of attached to or integral with a surface of the substrate such that each nanowire of the plurality of nanowires has an unattached end, and a layer of temperature-responsive material formed on at least the unattached end of each of the plurality of nanowires. The layer of temperature-responsive material has a compact configuration at a first temperature and an expanded configuration at a second temperature so as to facilitate release of cells captured at the first temperature to be released at the second temperature.
1. A device for capturing preselected cell types from a fluid sample comprising a plurality of cell types, comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of nanowires at least one of attached to or integral with a surface of said substrate such that each nanowire of said plurality of nanowires has an unattached end;
a layer of temperature-responsive material formed on at least said unattached end of each of said plurality of nanowires; and
at least one type of cell-selective binding molecule attached to a plurality of portions of said layer of temperature-responsive material,
wherein said layer of temperature-responsive material has a compact configuration at a first temperature and an expanded configuration at a second temperature so as to facilitate release of cells captured at said first temperature to be released at said second temperature,
wherein the first temperature is greater than the second temperature,
wherein said first temperature is greater than 0° C. and less 100′ C, and said second temperature is greater 0° C. and less 100° C.,
wherein said layer of temperature-responsive material formed on at least said unattached end of each of said plurality of nanowires comprises a temperature-responsive polymer,
wherein said temperature-responsive polymer comprises a copolymer comprising a first monomer unit having the formula:
and a second monomer unit that is suitable for attaching a cell-selective binding molecule thereto,
wherein said second monomer unit that is suitable for attaching a cell-selective binding molecule thereto has a formula:
where R 6 is H or
wherein the first monomer unit is in a proportion of about 0.1% to 10% of the second monomer unit, and
wherein a combination of said plurality of nanowires, said layer of temperature-responsive material, and said at least one type of cell-selective binding molecule attached to said plurality of portions of said layer of temperature-responsive material provide a cell capture yield of at least 70% and a cell viability rate following release of at least 20%.
2. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein said first temperature is within a range of temperatures to maintain viability of captured and released cells, and wherein said second temperature is within the range of temperatures to maintain viability of the captured and released cells.
3. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein each of said plurality of nanowires has an average diameter that is less than 500 nanometers.
4. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein each of said plurality of nanowires has an average diameter that is less than 250 nanometers and greater than 20 nanometers.
5. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein each of said plurality of nanowires has an average diameter that is within the inclusive range of 200 nanometers to 100 nanometers.
6. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one type of cell-selective binding molecule is attached to said layer of temperature-responsive material by at least one of biotin or streptavidin conjugation.
7. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein said cell-selective binding molecule binds to circulating cancer cells (CTCs).
8. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein said cell-selective binding molecule comprises an antibody.
9. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 8 , wherein said antibody comprises at least one of EpCAM, CA19-9, CD146, or CD147 antibodies for the capture of CTCs.
10. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein said cell-selective binding molecule binds to fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) from maternal blood.
11. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 8 , wherein said antibody comprises at least one of CD71 or CD147 antibodies for the capture of fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) from maternal blood.
12. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature-responsive polymer is covalently grafted to at least said unattached end of each of said plurality of nanowires.
13. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein said cell-selective binding molecule comprises an antibody.
14. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 13 , wherein said antibody is anti-EpCAM.
15. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim claim 1 , wherein said copolymer has a molecular weight in a range of about 4,000 to 20,000 g/mol and a thickness in a range of about 6 nm to 30 nm.
16. The device for capturing preselected cell types according to claim 1 , wherein said first temperature is about 37° C. and said second temperature is about 4° C.