MEMS component and method for the production thereof

1. A MEMS component

having a crystalline base body, which has a recess

having a structured assembly on the base body, which comprises at least a first functional layer or a plurality of functional layers and covers the recess,

in which an opening, the effective opening cross section of which varies as a function of the pressure difference on the two sides of the first functional layer, is structured in the first functional layer of the assembly in the region above the recess

in which the opening is formed by a two-dimensional slit pattern piercing the first functional layer,

in which the slit pattern additionally defines a valve flap which, at least a first end, is connected via a connecting web to the remaining portion of the area of the first functional layer and is structured so as to be free at a second end,

in which the valve flap is able to fold out of the layer plane of the first functional layer, starting from a predetermined pressure loading on one side, and therefore is able to enlarge the cross section of the opening,

in which a width of the connecting web across the first end of the valve flap is reduced relative to the second end of the valve flap.

2. The MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

in which the valve flaps are formed in such a way that the cross section of the opening is limited to the area of the two-dimensional slit pattern which pierces the first functional layer as long as an applied effective pressure P E , which corresponds to the pressure difference, is lower than a predefined limiting pressure P G

in which in the event of a real pressure P E acting on the component, where P E ≥P G , the valve flap folds out,

in which the limiting pressure P G is chosen such that damage to the component in the event of loading with the limiting pressure is ruled out or not to be expected.

3. The MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

in which the size of the valve flap is defined by a closed periphery

in which the slit pattern is interrupted and pierced repeatedly along the periphery of the valve flap, so that the valve flap is connected to the remaining portion of the area of the first functional layer at the first end via two or more connecting webs arranged at a distance from one another.

4. The MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

in which the size of the valve flap is defined by a closed periphery

in which the slit pattern follows the periphery over more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 90% or more than 95% of its length,

wherein the proportion of the slit pattern missing from 100% at the periphery corresponds to the width of the connecting web or the connecting webs.

5. The MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

in which the valve flap has a rounded periphery at the first end, at the second end or at both ends.

6. The MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

in which the periphery has at least one corner.

7. The MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

which has more than one valve flap.

8. The MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

in which valve flaps of different sizes, of which the opening cross sections have different pressure dependencies, are formed.

9. The MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

in which the first functional layer having the opening is formed so as to be electrically conductive and constitutes a diaphragm of the MEMS component,

in which the assembly has a pierced fixed electrode as a second functional layer parallel to and at a distance from the first functional layer having the opening

in which the diaphragm encloses a back volume in the recess

the MEMS component can be used as a pressure sensor or microphone.

10. The MEMS component according to claim 9 ,

in which the diaphragm comprises a polysilicon layer or a metal layer.

11. The MEMS component according to claim 9 ,

in which the valve flap can fold out of the layer plane of the first functional layer in both directions.

12. The MEMS component according to claim 2 ,

in which the limiting pressure P G is set via dimensioning the width of the connecting webs to a value which lies between 0.05 and 1.00 bar, between 0.1 and 0.8 bar, between 0.15 and 0.60 bar or between 0.2 and 0.5 bar.

13. A method for producing a MEMS component according to claim 1 ,

in which the structured assembly made of at least the first functional layer is applied to the base body and is structured

in which, for the purpose of structuring the first functional layer, the outline of the latter is defined and the slit pattern is produced in an integrated manner together with the two-dimensional structuring

in which the slit pattern follows the periphery of the valve flap over more than 75% of the length thereof

in which the recess is produced in the base body and is covered by the functional layer such that a volume is enclosed therein,

in which the slit pattern is produced in the region above the recess.

14. The method according to claim 13 ,

in which a sacrificial layer is applied over the entire area above the first functional layer following the structuring thereof

in which, following the production of the recess, the sacrificial layer is etched out or dissolved out completely, at least in the region above the recess.

15. The MEMS component according to claim 2 ,

in which the size of the valve flap is defined by a closed periphery

in which the slit pattern is interrupted and pierced repeatedly along the periphery of the valve flap, so that the valve flap is connected to the remaining portion of the area of the first functional layer at the first end via two or more connecting webs arranged at a distance from one another.

16. The MEMS component according to claim 2 ,

in which the size of the valve flap is defined by a closed periphery

in which the slit pattern follows the periphery over more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 90% or more than 95% of its length,

wherein the proportion of the slit pattern missing from 100% at the periphery corresponds to the width of the connecting web or the connecting webs.

17. The MEMS component according to claim 2 , in which the valve flap has a rounded periphery at the first end, at the second end or at both ends.